Glycemic index and glycemic load of common fruit juices in Thailand.

Background: The glycemic index (GI) reflects body responses to different carbohydrate-rich foods. Generally, it cannot be simply predicted from the composition of the food but needs in vivo testing.

Methods: Healthy adult volunteers with normal body mass index were recruited.

Sonographic focally thick duct of breast found in screening, why is it concerning? A report of three cases.

We report three cases of focally thickened ductal lesions found on screening ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration (FNA)-proven benign cytology in order to demonstrate the different fates of this radiographic finding. All three patients, aged 74, 69 and 68 years old, had their first time mammography and concurrent ultrasonography. Their mammograms did not show abnormalities except a focal asymmetry in one case.

Promoter hypermethylation of SOX11 correlates with adverse clinicopathological features of human prostate cancer.

Currently available tools for early diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer lack sufficient accuracy. There is a need to identify novel biomarkers for this common malignancy. SOX family genes play an important role in embryogenesis and are also implicated in various cancers.

Bony spicules trapped in peri-implant soft tissue: a common unrecognized finding.

According to the study, there were unexpected tiny bone spicules being inspected in peri-implant soft tissue. These displaced autogenous bone chips were probably presented when preparing implant sites. The displaced bone spicules seemed not induced significant inflammatory reactions; on contrary, defects of specimens and dissolving bone spicules pictures were demonstrated.

Aberrant promoter methylation of the PAQR3 gene is associated with prostate cancer.

Methylation markers are promising tools for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted treatment of cancer. In prostate carcinoma, aberrant promoter hypermethylation occurs earlier in the disease course and more consistently than recurrent somatic mutations. PAQR3, a tumor suppressor gene, was recently found to be downregulated in prostate cancer cell lines.

TROP-2 immunohistochemistry: a highly accurate method in the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the novel immunohistochemical marker TROP-2 on thyroid specimens (226 tumours and 207 controls). Whole slide immunohistochemistry was performed and scored by automated digital image analysis. Non-neoplastic thyroid, follicular adenomas, follicular carcinomas, and medullary carcinomas were negative for TROP-2 immunostaining.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions (ENES): a pilot study.

Background And Study Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (EUS-nCLE) has been shown to aid in the diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions. This is a pilot project to study its findings in patients with solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs) with a prospective single-blinded study design.

Methods: Patients with SPLs undergoing trans-gastric EUS fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) from July 2013 to March 2014 were prospectively enrolled.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma presenting as a breast metastasis in a patient with a history of thyroid cancer: a case report.

Metastases to the breast are uncommon, accounting for 0.5% of breast tumors, and most of them are originated from lymphoma, melanoma and carcinomas of various organs. Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a very rare neoplasm that is usually found in the lower extremities.

Combination of EUS-FNA and elastography (strain ratio) to exclude malignant solid pancreatic lesions: A prospective single-blinded study.

Background: Negative results of EUS-FNA for solid pancreatic lesions (SPL) can be false ones. Combination with strain ratio (SR) may ensure a correct benign diagnosis of SPL.

Aims: We prospectively evaluated the sensitivity rate of EUS-FNA and EUS elastography using the strain ratio method for diagnosing SPL.

Clinical Epidemiology (CE) and Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) in the Asia Pacific region (Round Table Forum).

Clinical Epidemiology (CE) and Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) have become increasingly important in an era of rising costs, patient safety concerns and evidence-based health care. CE and EBM research in the Asia Pacific region have grown significantly. However, there are three main challenges such as linking evidence to practice and policy; developing a strong collaborative network; and a need for resources and technical expertise to produce evidence.

Ectopic thymoma can mimic benign and malignant thyroid lesions on fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report and literature review.

Background: Ectopic cervical thymomas are rare and there are few descriptions of the cytologic findings based on fine needle aspiration. Their appearances can be misinterpreted as either benign or malignant lesions of the thyroid. The authors report such a case occurring in a patient with Sotos syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by somatic overgrowth and cognitive impairment.

Human papillomavirus genotypes among infected Thai women with different cytological findings by analysis of E1 genes.

Cervical cytological data may not be sufficient for cervical cancer screening and prevention. In this project, we determined HPV genotype among infected Thai women with different cytological findings by characterization of E1 genes. Five hundred and thirty-five specimens were tested by PCR amplification of the E1 genes.

Prevalence and genotypes of human papillomavirus among Thai women.

One of the most common cancers in women worldwide is cervical cancer, with death rates highest in less developed countries, including Thailand. This study was conducted to explore the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its related cytological abnormalities among women attending cervical screening clinics in Thailand using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). LBC specimens (ThinPrep, Hologic, West Sussex, UK) were subjected to PCR of the E1 region to identify the most prevalent HPV types.

Relationship between hybrid capture II ratios and DNA amplification of E1, E6 and L1 genes used for the detection of human papillomavirus in samples with different cytological findings.

The hybrid capture II (HCII) assay is widely used in the detection of human papillomavirus virus (HPV). However, due to the limited number of HPV genotypes, it does not permit a comprehensive typing of viruses and "grey zone" (borderline negative or positive results) are often difficult to interpret. As such, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) should be used in parallel with HCII assays, and consensus PCR detection is capable of covering a wider detection range than with the HCII method.

Whole-genome sequence analysis of human papillomavirus type 18 from infected Thai women.

Objective: The aim of this study was to attain molecular knowledge of human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) by sequencing the whole genome of HPV18 isolated from Thai women at various clinical stages of disease progression.

Method: Our group analyzed 9 samples of whole-genome HPV18 in infected women ranging from normal to cervical cancer by PCR, a sequencing method and bioinformatics programs.

Results: Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome showed that HPV18 samples were more closely related to the European and Asian-American type than the African type.

Expression of E-cadherin and syndecan-1 in axillary lymph node metastases of breast cancer with and without extracapsular extension.

Background: Extracapsular extension of axillary lymph node (ECE) has significantly increased the risk of locoregional and distant recurrence in breast cancer patients.

Objective: Identify markers with high biological aggressiveness since it may serve as a prognostic indicator or adjunct to standard treatment.

Material And Method: The authors immunostained 115 axillary lymph nodes of invasive ductal carcinoma with syndecan-1 and E-cadherin.

Messenger RNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 in stone-containing kidneys.

Objectives: To investigate the intrarenal mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with nephrolithiasis, and to evaluate whether their expression is associated with renal function, as oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis.

Patients, Subjects And Methods: Renal biopsies from near the stone, and blood and 24-h urine specimens were collected from 29 patients with nephrolithiasis. Control renal tissues were taken from non-cancerous and cancerous portions of nephrectomy from six patients with renal cancers, and control 24-h urine samples were obtained from 30 healthy subjects.

Neurovascular anatomy of the penis and pelvis in Thai males: applications to male-to-female and pelvic surgeries.

Objective: To determine the neurovascular profiles in the pelvis and penis for applying to sex reassignment surgery.

Material And Method: Dissection of the pelvis and penile shaft was performed in 12 soft-preserved and 32 fresh adult male cadavers respectively. The neurovascular structures were located and documented, and the distances between anatomical landmarks were measured.

Sensitivity of mammography and ultrasonography on detecting abnormal findings of ductal carcinoma in situ.

Objective: To analyze the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and determine the sensitivity in Thai women.

Material And Method: Mammograms and bilateral whole-breast ultrasonograms of 37 proven cases of DCIS were reviewed. The former was assessed for microcalcifications and soft tissue densities while the latter was evaluated for masses and thickened ducts.

Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in papanicolaou-stained fine needle aspirated smears for diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for detecting IS6110 repetitive insertion sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was tested on archival Papanicolaou (Pap)-stained fine needle aspirated (FNA) smears from 24 patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy and 30 negative controls. The protocol involved protease digestion or phenolchloroform extraction, and simple or nested PCR, with PCR amplification of human beta-globin gene for internal control of DNA quality. Sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 100% were obtained.

The association of co-expression of CD44v4/MMP-9 with different nodal status in high-grade breast carcinoma patients.

Background: Breast carcinoma is one of the most common tumors in female patients, and its metastasis is a major cause of death. An experimental model has recently found the association of CD44 with MMP-9 that facilitates tumor cell invasion and metastasis.

Material And Method: The CD44v4 and MMP-9 were performed on tissue in paraffin blocks of 50 cases of high-grade breast carcinoma with node positive and 50 cases with node negative.

Integrated criteria of fine-needle aspiration cytology and radiological imaging for verification of breast cancer in nonpalpable lesions.

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of using radiologic, cytologic and integrated radiologic and cytologic criteria in diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions.

Material And Method: From January 2003 to May 2004, a prospective study of performing fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was carried out at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital on female patients with nonpalpable or vaguely palpable lumps that needed ultrasound localization for the direction and depth.

Results: There were 162 lesions from 150 patients, consisting of 29 malignant neoplasms (17.

Does color Doppler ultrasound vascularity predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer?

Objectives: To assess the proportions of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer according to color Doppler ultrasound vascularity patterns.

Material And Method: Prospective evaluation using gray scale and color Doppler ultrasound for number of vessels and feeding appearances of tumors as well as the changes in tumor sizes at before and after chemotherapy in 69 breast cancer patients.

Results: The overall response rate in 70 breast cancers was 20%.

Association between Bcl-2 expression and tumor recurrence in cervical cancer: a matched case-control study.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between bcl-2 expression, some pathological factors (lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), tumor grade, depth of stromal invasion), and tumor recurrence in cervical cancer.

Methods: A matched case-control study was performed in cervical cancer patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and were found to have negative lymph node between January 1992 and June 1998 in Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Medical College and Vajira Hospital and Maharaj Nakorn Chiangmai Hospital, Thailand. Cases were 32 patients who had tumor recurrence within 5 years after surgery.