Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Update of the Pharmacological Treatment.

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) represents a serious health and socio-economic problem in different geographical areas of the world. It is characterized by a high rate of mortality, recurrence and metastasis. Despite the therapeutic strategies implemented for its management and resolution, currently the survival estimate for locally advanced disease is about 50%.

Opportunities and drawbacks of the subcutaneous defibrillator across different clinical settings.

Introduction: The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) is an established therapy for the prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and an alternative to a transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator system in selected patients. Beyond randomized clinical trials, many observational studies have described the clinical performance of S-ICD across different subgroups of patients.

Areas Covered: Our review aimed to describe the opportunities and drawbacks of the S-ICD, focusing on their use in special populations and across different clinical settings.

Corrigendum: Exploiting curcumin synergy with natural products using quantitative analysis of dose-effect relationships in an experimental model of osteoarthritis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.

Dystrophin-Glycoprotein Complex Behavior in Sternocleidomastoid Muscle of High- and Low-Ranking Baboons: A Possible Phylogenetic Arrangement.

The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex is a multimeric system made up of the sarcoglycan sub-complex, the sarcomplasmatic complex and the dystroglycans complex. The sarcoglycan sub-complex stabilizes the sarcolemma during muscle activity and plays a role in force transduction. This protein system is also expressed in the muscle of non-human primates such as chimpanzees and baboons, and its expression changes depending on social ranking.

Reduction of oxidative stress blunts the NLRP3 inflammatory cascade in LPS stimulated human gingival fibroblasts and oral mucosal epithelial cells.

The therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of oral mucositis is very poor. Catechin and baicalin are two natural flavonoids that have been individually reported to have a curative potential. Flavocoxid is a mixed extract containing baicalin and catechin showing antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory activity mainly due to a dual inhibition of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and NLRP3 pathway.

Cardiac electrophysiology and pacing educational and training needs among early-career cardiologists: a national survey of the Young Committee of the Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing.

Background: Over the past three decades, cardiac electrophysiology and pacing, including device therapy and catheter ablation of arrhythmias, has rapidly developed as a subspecialty in cardiology. Currently, there is no clear perception about the needs in cardiac electrophysiology and pacing among early-career cardiologists.

Methods: To address these concerns, the Young Committee of the Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing (AIAC) carried out a survey among those under the age of 40 years to obtain detailed information on practical activities and formal lessons during the fellowship in cardiology and their satisfaction and proficiency level at the end of the fellowship.

MAO-A Inhibition by Metaxalone Reverts IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Phenotype in Microglial Cells.

Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that several neurological disorders are associated with the occurrence of central nervous system neuroinflammation. Metaxalone is an FDA-approved muscle relaxant that has been reported to inhibit monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). The aim of this study was to investigate whether metaxalone might exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in HMC3 microglial cells.

PDRN, a natural bioactive compound, blunts inflammation and positively reprograms healing genes in an "in vitro" model of oral mucositis.

Oral mucositis is a side effect hard to treat following high dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Adenosine A receptor stimulation blocks NF-κB and boosts the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thus blunting inflammation and triggering growth factor codifying genes. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a registered drug that activates the A receptor.

The Association of Myo-Inositol and Selenium Contrasts Cadmium-Induced Thyroid C Cell Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Mice.

Previous studies have demonstrated that, in addition to inducing structural changes in thyroid follicles, cadmium (Cd) increased the number of C cells. We examined the effects of myo-inositol (MI), seleno-L-methionine (Se), MI + Se, and resveratrol on C cells of mice exposed to cadmium chloride (Cd Cl2), as no data are currently available on the possible protective effects of these molecules. In contrast, we have previously shown this protective effect against CdCl2 on the thyroid follicles of mice.

Articular Disc of a Human Temporomandibular Joint: Evaluation through Light Microscopy, Immunofluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy.

The extracellular matrix of the articular disc in a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is composed mainly of collagen I and elastin. The collagen is important for resisting tensile forces, while the elastin is responsible to maintain the shape after deformation. We studied the orientation of collagen and elastin in a normal human temporomandibular joint disc by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy.

Preclinical and Clinical Applications of Biomaterials in the Enhancement of Wound Healing in Oral Surgery: An Overview of the Available Reviews.

Oral surgery has undergone dramatic developments in recent years due to the use of biomaterials. The aim of the present review is to provide a general overview of the current biomaterials used in oral surgery and to comprehensively outline their impact on post-operative wound healing. A search in Medline was performed, including hand searching.

β-Caryophyllene Reduces the Inflammatory Phenotype of Periodontal Cells by Targeting CB2 Receptors.

Human gingival fibroblasts (GF) and human oral mucosa epithelial cells (EC) with an inflammatory phenotype represent a valuable experimental paradigm to explore the curative activity of agents to be used in oral mucositis. The role of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) has not yet been investigated in oral mucositis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a CB2 agonist, in an in vitro model of oral mucositis.

Anti-obesity drug therapy in clinical practice: Evidence of a poor prescriptive attitude.

Obesity is a worldwide growing problem for the health care systems and its treatment is strongly recommended. Orlistat, naltrexone/bupropion, and liraglutide are approved for weight loss in Italy in patients with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m or ≥ 27 kg/m with concomitant diseases. However, the prescription of these drugs is significantly low worldwide.

Exploiting Curcumin Synergy With Natural Products Using Quantitative Analysis of Dose-Effect Relationships in an Experimental Model of Osteoarthritis.

Drug combination is widely used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. A similar strategy might be worth of interest to design plant-derived natural products to treat inflammatory conditions. Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound which shares anti-inflammatory activity with both flavocoxid, a flavonoid mixture of baicalin and catechin, and β-caryophyllene, a bicyclic sesquiterpene.

Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy during Tooth Movement: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The present study evaluated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) by means of a diode laser in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). After extraction of the first upper premolars for orthodontic purpose, 82 maxillary canines which needed distalization were analyzed in 41 enrolled patients (21 males, 20 females, mean age 13.4 ± 2.

A three-dimensional computed model of ST segment abnormality in type 1 Brugada Pattern: A key role of right ventricular outflow tract orientation?

Since its first description, Brugada Syndrome is characterized by definite ECG abnormalities (J wave, elevated ST segment) confined in right precordial leads. Brugada Pattern (BP) could be found in one or more right precordial leads, at conventional or higher intercostal spaces. A recent study, conducted by our group, reported that slightly less than one half of patients with type 1 BP show a definite ST segment depression (≥0.

Functional atrial undersensing associated with device algorithm promoting AV conduction.

A 58-year-old woman received a dual chamber pacemaker (Medtronic) for sick sinus syndrome. Given intact AV conduction the Managed Ventricular Pacing mode algorithm (MVP) was programmed. The day after, she suffered from palpitations.

SafeR and escape junctional rhythm: A singular trigger for pacemaker-mediated tachycardia.

A 70-year-old man, who previously received a dual chamber pacemaker for paroxysmal AV block (Sorin Symphony DR 2550), was noted on telemetry to have multiple episodes of rapid ventricular pacing at approximately 120bpm. Evaluation of the telemetry strips revealed that all of the rapid ventricular pacing episodes were initiated by brief runs of escape junctional rhythm. Programmed bradycardia parameters were AAI SafeR with lower rate limit of 50bpm.

Spike on T wave! What went wrong?

An 80-year-old male, who previously received a dual chamber pacemaker, was referred to our ambulatory for dizziness and fatigue. The ECG obtained showed sinus rhythm, highly variable atrioventricular (AV) interval and alternation between spontaneous and paced ventricular complexes. A spike on the ascending part of the T wave was observed, suggesting ventricular undersensing.

Tracking preference as unusual trigger of pacemaker-mediated tachycardia in a resynchronization device.

A 59-year-old woman with a history of congestive heart failure, who previously received a biventricular cardioverter-defibrillator was admitted with dyspnea and peripheral edema. She was noted on telemetry to have multiple self-terminated episodes of rapid ventricular pacing, consistent with pacemaker-mediated tachycardia. All episodes started after three consecutive ventricular extrasystoles.

A Case of Brugada Pattern Migrant from Right Precordial Leads to Peripheral Leads.

Since the first report in 1992, Brugada pattern (BP) diagnosis is mainly based on analysis of the precordial leads. In cases with no clear BP evidence in the conventional right precordial leads (4 intercostal space), limb leads analysis resulted helpful in suspecting BP. Fluctuations within right precordial leads between the diagnostic ECG pattern and nondiagnostic ECGs are well known.

ST Segment Depression in the Inferior Leads in Brugada Pattern: A New Sign.

Background: Brugada pattern (BP) is characterized by J wave and elevated ST segment in the right precordial leads. At times the ECG signs are present only with the electrodes displaced 1 or 2 intercostal spaces above.

Methods: We analyzed the electrocardiograms of 87 subjects with type 1 BP looking for ST segment depression (≥ 0.