Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are being recognized as a potentially effective treatment approach for peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs), a heterogeneous group of aggressive malignancies with an unfavorable prognosis. Recent evidence has shown that HDACis are effective in treating PTCL, especially in cases where the disease has relapsed or is resistant to conventional treatments. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that HDACis, such as romidepsin and belinostat, can elicit long-lasting positive outcomes in individuals with PTCLs, either when used alone or in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy.

Hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells homeostasis: the role of bone marrow niche.

The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) has highly specialized anatomical characteristics that provide a sanctuary place for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that allow appropriate proliferation, maintenance, and self-renewal capacity. Several cell types contribute to the constitution and function of the bone marrow niche. Interestingly, uncovering the secrets of BMM and its interaction with HSCs in health paved the road for research aiming at better understanding the concept of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and their altered niche.

Conventional PCR-based versus next-generation sequencing-based approach for T-cell receptor γ gene clonality assessment in mature T-cell lymphomas: A phase 3 diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: Clonality assessment is currently the major molecular analysis utilized to support the diagnosis of suspicious lymphoid malignancies. Clonal rearrangements of the V-J segments of T-cell receptor G chain locus (TCRγ or TRG) have been observed in almost all types of T neoplasms, such as T-cell-related non-Hodgkin lymphomas and leukemias. At present, the gold standard for clonality evaluation is multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), plus subsequent capillary electrophoresis/heteroduplex analyses, and/or Sanger sequencing.

A Comparison of the Fifth World Health Organization and the International Consensus Classifications of Mature T-Cell Lymphomas.

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a rare subset of non-Hodgkin lymphomas that often carry significant difficulty in diagnosis and classification because of their rarity and biological complexity. Previous editions of the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications of hemopoietic neoplasms in 2001, 2008, and 2017 aimed to standardize hemopoietic neoplasm diagnosis in general. Since then, crucial clinico-pathological, immunophenotypic, and recent molecular discoveries have been made in the field of lymphomas, contributing to refining diagnostic criteria of several diseases, upgrading entities previously defined as provisional, and identifying new entities.

Single-Step IGHV Next-Generation Sequencing Detects Clonality and Somatic Hypermutation in Lymphoid Malignancies: A Phase III Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Background: Multiplex PCR based on consensus primers followed by capillary electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing are considered as the gold standard method for the evaluation of clonality and somatic hypermutation in lymphoid malignancies. As an alternative, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) of immune receptor genes has recently been proposed as a solution, due to being highly effective and sensitive. Here, we designed a phase III diagnostic accuracy study intended to compare the current gold standard methods versus the first commercially available NGS approaches for testing immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements.

Use of Next Generation Sequencing to Define the Origin of Primary Myelofibrosis.

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by progressive bone marrow sclerosis, extra-medullary hematopoiesis, and possible transformation to acute leukemia. In the last decade, the molecular pathogenesis of the disease has been largely uncovered. Particularly, genetic and genomic studies have provided evidence of deregulated oncogenes in PMF as well as in other MPNs.

Tyrosine kinases in nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas.

Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are uncommon and heterogeneous tumors characterized by a dismal prognosis. Targeted therapy has been proposed. However, reliable targets are mostly represented by a few surface antigens (e.

Molecular Profiling of Kenyan Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an infrequent disease, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It harbors a unique configuration of cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular mutations that can be detected using microscopic and molecular methods respectively. These genetic tests are core elements of diagnosis and prognostication in high-income countries.

COVID-19 Vaccine: Between Myth and Truth.

Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by the newly identified SARS-CoV-2 spread across the entire globe, causing 364,191,494 confirmed cases of COVID-19 to date. SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus, a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus with four structural proteins: spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). The S protein plays a crucial role both in cell binding and in the induction of a strong immune response during COVID-19 infection.

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibody detection with a lateral flow immunoassay test.

The dramatic impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the worldwide public health has elicited the rapid assessment of molecular and serological diagnostic methods. Notwithstanding the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is based on molecular biology approaches including multiplex or singleplex real time RT-PCR, there is a real need for affordable and rapid serological methods to support diagnostics, and surveillance of infection spreading. In this study, we performed a diagnostic accuracy analysis of COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test cassette lateral flow immunoassay test (LFIA) assay.

Sex-Biased Mutations in Myeloid Malignancies Impair Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Activation and Apoptosis.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an aggressive leukemia of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). BPDCN occurs at least three times more frequently in men than in women, but the reasons for this sex bias are unknown. Here, studying genomics of primary BPDCN and modeling disease-associated mutations, we link acquired alterations in RNA splicing to abnormal pDC development and inflammatory response through Toll-like receptors.

Metabolic Switch and Cytotoxic Effect of Metformin on Burkitt Lymphoma.

Altered cellular energetic metabolism has recently emerged as important feature of neoplastic cells. Indeed, interfering with cancer cell metabolism might represent a suitable therapeutic strategy. In this study, we aimed to assess glucose metabolism activation in human lymphomas and evaluate how metformin can exert its action on lymphoma cells.

Constitutive PSGL-1 Correlates with CD30 and TCR Pathways and Represents a Potential Target for Immunotherapy in Anaplastic Large T-Cell Lymphoma.

Due to the high expression of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in lymphoproliferative disorders and in multiple myeloma, it has been considered as a potential target for humoral immunotherapy, as well as an immune checkpoint inhibitor in T-cells. By investigating the expression of in 678 T- and B-cell samples by gene expression profiling (GEP), further supported by tissue microarray and immunohistochemical analysis, we identified anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (ALCL) as constitutively expressing SELPLG at high levels. Moreover, GEP analysis in CD30+ ALCLs highlighted a positive correlation of with (CD30-coding gene) and T-cell receptor (TCR)-signaling genes ( and ), suggesting that the common dysregulation of TCR expression in ALCLs may be bypassed by the involvement of PSGL-1 in T-cell activation and survival.

Cross-Immunization Against Respiratory Coronaviruses May Protect Children From SARS-CoV2: More Than a Simple Hypothesis?

In January 2020, a new coronavirus was identified as responsible for a pandemic acute respiratory syndrome. The virus demonstrated a high infectious capability and not-neglectable mortality in humans. However, similarly to previous SARS and MERS, the new disease COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 seemed to relatively spare children and younger adults.

Correction to: Immune landscape in Burkitt lymphoma reveals M2-macrophage polarization and correlation between PD-L1 expression and non-canonical EBV latency program.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00292-w.].

Immune landscape in Burkitt lymphoma reveals M2-macrophage polarization and correlation between PD-L1 expression and non-canonical EBV latency program.

Background: The Tumor Microenviroment (TME) is a complex milieu that is increasingly recognized as a key factor in multiple stages of disease progression and responses to therapy as well as escape from immune surveillance. However, the precise contribution of specific immune effector and immune suppressor components of the TME in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) remains poorly understood.

Methods: In this paper, we applied the computational algorithm CIBERSORT to Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) datasets of 40 BL samples to draw a map of immune and stromal components of TME.

Interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) expression is reduced in mantle cell lymphoma.

IFI16, member of the IFN-inducible PYHIN-200 gene family, modulates proliferation, survival and differentiation of different cell lineages. In particular, IFI16 expression, which is regulated during the differentiation of B cells, was recently studied in B-CLL as well. Here, we compared IFI16 expression in several lymphomas including Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma with respect to normal cell counterparts.

A Western Case of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma as Unusual Cause of Persistent Fever.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a common and challenging clinical condition that can be referred, among others, to infections, drug's effects, various inflammatory disorders, and cancers. Among the latter, lymphomas can indeed cause fever, which is therefore accounted as a lymphoma-related sign in patients' staging. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a very rare tumor, characterized by lymphoma cell accumulation within sinusoids and, despite a very aggressive course, the evidence of this disease is scarce.

Transcriptional Analysis of Lennert Lymphoma Reveals a Unique Profile and Identifies Novel Therapeutic Targets.

Lennert lymphoma (LL) is a lymphoepithelioid morphological variant of peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (PTCL/NOS), clinically characterized by better prognosis if compared with other PTCL/NOS. Although well characterized as far as morphology and phenotype are concerned, very little is known regarding its molecular features. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional profile of this tumor aiming 1) to identify its cellular counterparts; 2) to better define its relation with other PTCLs-and, therefore, its possible position in lymphoma classification; and 3) to define pathogenetic mechanisms, possibly unveiling novel therapeutic targets.