Molecular Variability in Levodopa Absorption and Clinical Implications for the Management of Parkinson's Disease.

Levodopa is the most widely used medication for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease and, despite being an "old" drug, is still considered the gold standard for offering symptomatic relief. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of levodopa have been studied extensively. Our review explores the molecular mechanisms that affect the absorption of this drug, focusing on the large intra- and interindividual variability of absorption that is commonly encountered in daily clinical practice, and on the interaction with other medications.

Improving Public Health Emergency Communication Along the U.S. Southern Border: Insights From a COVID-19 Pilot Campaign With Truck Drivers.

Tens of thousands of trucks cross the U.S.-Mexico border every day.

Reproductive life factors and estro-progestin exposure in women with early-onset Parkinson's disease compared to late-onset disease and controls: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is more common in men than women. Although hormonal factors may partially explain this difference, there are no studies evaluating reproductive life factors and exogenous estroprogestin exposure in women with Early Onset Parkinson Disease (EOPD).

Objective: To compare reproductive life factors and exogenous estroprogestin exposure among female patients with EOPD, late-onset Parkinson's disease (LOPD), and EOPD-matched unaffected controls.

Impulse control disorders and use of dopamine agonists in early onset Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are defined as excessive and repetitive behaviors that may affect Parkinson's disease (PD) patients exposed to dopamine agonists. Current data on ICDs in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) is lacking. In this study we aim to assess the frequency of use of dopamine agonists, the prevalence of ICDs, and to explore potential factors associated with their development in patients with EOPD.

Novel RAB39B loss-of-function mutation in patient with typical early-onset Parkinson's disease.

RAB39B mutations have been identified in X-linked developmental delays. Recently, RAB39B mutations were identified in males with early-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. A novel loss-of-function RAB39B mutation was found in a female patient with typical early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD).

Valosin-containing-protein pathogenic variant p.R487H in Parkinson's disease.

We describe a 66-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease, carrying a known pathogenic missense variant in the Valosin-containing-protein () gene. She responded excellently to L-dopa, had no cognitive or motoneuronal dysfunction. Laboratory analyses and MRI were unremarkable.

Risk of hospitalization in synucleinopathies and impact of psychosis.

Background: Few studies have investigated the risk of hospitalization among patients with synucleinopathies (Parkinson disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Parkinson disease dementia, Multiple System Atrophy) with associated psychosis and the impact of antipsychotic treatments on hospital admissions and duration of the stay.

Objective: To determine the risk of hospitalization among patients with synucleinopathies and in patients with associated psychosis. To evaluate the impact of antipsychotic treatments on hospital admission of patients with synucleinopathies and psychosis in an incident cohort study in Olmsted County, Minnesota (MN).

40-Year Incidence of Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease in Southeast Minnesota.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) most commonly surfaces at middle age. An earlier onset is named early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD), but the exact definition is a matter of ongoing scientific debate.

Objective: To investigate 40-year EOPD incidence trends in a population-based cohort of parkinsonism in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Using pentamidine to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in children: a 10-year study in French Guiana.

There are little data on pentamidine as a treatment for paediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The objective of this study was to describe the effectiveness and safety of pentamidine over a 10-year period. Every child seen in French Guiana between 2010 and 2020 with proven CL and treated with pentamidine was included.

Correlation between first tarsometatarsal joint mobility and hallux valgus severity.

Purpose: The mobility of the first tarsometatarsal (TMT1) is said to be correlated to the severity of hallux valgus determined using both clinical and radiographic criteria. The sagittal mobility of the TMT1 joint can be evaluated objectively using a new ultrasound test, which quantifies it in the form of a unitless value (ratio of two measurements). The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between TMT1 mobility on an ultrasound test and hallux valgus severity.

Post-operative hallux varus: a review of treatment methods.

Purpose: Hallux varus is a classical complication of hallux valgus surgery with a medium rate of 6%.

Material And Methods: Methods of treatment are MTP1 fusion or conservative joint operations. Hallux varus results from imbalance between excessive medial capsule retraction or tensioning and excessive lateral laxity or soft-tissue release but also and mainly from an over displacement of the first metatarsal which reduces the intermetatarsal angle and thus leads to medial displacement of the great toe.

Biomechanical study comparing the energy cost of human bipedalism versus zenkutsu-dachi stepping of a karateka.

Traditional stepping in the zenkutsu-dachi stance of the Shotokan style of karate is very physically demanding. It requires considerably more effort than what is expended during conventional human bipedalism. We performed a biomechanical study to analyze and compare these two types of gaits when performed by a highly experienced karateka.

Postoperative Hallux Varus Treatment by Reverse Scarf Osteotomy.

Background: Postoperative hallux varus is often accompanied by an abnormal decrease in the first-second (M1M2) intermetatarsal angle, which we have sought to correct by a reverse scarf-type osteotomy.

Methods: A series of 36 hallux varus operated on by reverse scarf osteotomy, including 14 with prior osteotomies, was reviewed with an average follow-up of 56 months. The measurements were clinical: American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, subjective satisfaction index, joint mobility, and radiologic angles: M1M2 and first metatarsophalangeal angle.

Weaning-Related Shock in Patients With ECMO: Incidence, Mortality, and Predisposing Factors.

Objective: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) commonly is used to manage refractory cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery, with 31% to 76% of patients successfully weaned off their ECMO. However, it is associated with high mortality rates, and 20% to 65% of weaned patients do not survive to hospital discharge. This study aimed to assess the incidence of ECMO weaning-related shock, the risk factors, and prognosis in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Surgical treatment of destructive cervical spondyloarthropathy with neurologic impairment in hemodialysis patients.

Study Design: We have retrospectively reviewed 11 chronic hemodialysis patients with cervical destructive spondyloarthropathy responsible for neural impairment 1 year after surgery and at last follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate clinical and radiologic outcomes, and necessity of vertebral block excision.

Summary Of Background Data: Destructive spondyloarthropathy of the cervical spine is associated with long-term hemodialysis for chronic kidney failure.

[Deglutition disorders in the elderly. Management].

GENERAL PRINCIPLES: The management of dysphagia requires multi-disciplinary interventions, implying various procedures, the choice of which depends on the results of the global prior assessment of the patient. General measures for oral hygiene, dental care and the organization of conditions in which meals are taken are essential, particularly for dependent patients. A change in food texture or in viscosity of liquids is a strategy commonly used.

Effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate compared with propranolol on first bleeding and long-term survival in cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (Is-5-Mn) exerts beneficial hemodynamic effects in portal hypertension, yet the long-term clinical value is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term effects of Is-5-Mn vs. propranolol (Pro) on first bleeding, complications, and death in cirrhosis.

[Epidemiology of Microsporum langeronii tinea capitis in the Paris suburban area. Results of 2 school and familial surveys].

Introduction: One epidemiologic survey was carried out in two children communities, following detection of several cases of Microsporum langeronii tinea capitis.

Patients And Methods: In one case, 3 year-old children from a day-nursery were contaminated by a child originating from France, who had been previously infected by contact with a friend originating from Ivory Coast. In the second case, lesions were diagnosed in a nursery-school in African children born in France.

Inhibition of biliary bicarbonate secretion in ethinyl estradiol-induced cholestasis is not associated with impaired activity of the Cl-/HCO-3 exchanger in the rat.

Background/aims: Bicarbonate is a major component of bile salt independent bile flow, which is impaired in ethinyl estradiol (EE)-cholestasis. To examine this subject in EE-cholestasis, we studied: 1) basal and glucagon-stimulated biliary bicarbonate secretion both in vivo and in the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL); 2) H+/HCO-3 transport processes in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets.

Methods: Rats received EE (5 mg.

Ultrastructural features of danazol-induced cholestasis: a case study.

A case study of a severe cholestatic syndrome induced by danazol, with ultrastructural description of liver morphology, is reported. Cholestasis appeared after 3 months treatment with danazol (300 mg/daily) and completely resolved 2 months after withdrawal. In spite of the severe increase in serum bilirubin and total serum bile salts, transaminases were only slightly elevated and GGT and alkaline phosphatases were almost normal.

Effect of glucagon on intracellular pH regulation in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets.

To elucidate mechanisms of glucagon-induced bicarbonate-rich choleresis, we investigated the effect of glucagon on ion transport processes involved in the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets. It was found that glucagon (200 nM), without influencing resting pHi, significantly stimulates the Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity. The effect of glucagon was associated with a sevenfold increase in cAMP levels in rat hepatocytes.

Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on ethanol cholestasis and hepatotoxicity in isolated perfused rat liver.

We investigated whether S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) influences the inhibitory effect of ethanol on bile secretion and ethanol hepatotoxicity in the isolated perfused rat liver. SAMe (25 mg/kg intramuscularly three times a day) was administered for three days consecutively. Liver was then isolated and perfused with taurocholate to stabilize bile secretion and exposed to 1% ethanol for 70 min.