Effects of diffuse radiation fraction on crop light absorption, light use efficiency and gross primary production on an instantaneous scale in South China.

The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), light use efficiency (LUE), and gross primary productivity (GPP) are the key driving factors of crop production and ecological models. Diffuse radiation fraction (DF) has been reported to profoundly affect FAPAR, LUE and GPP, and its impact on a short time scale needs to be emphasized. Based on the field observations at noon local time during 2021-2022 and the Two-Leaf light use efficiency model, this study investigated the magnitudes of the DF effect on the canopy FAPAR, LUE, and GPP for the three different crops (peanut, soybean and corn) on an instantaneous scale in South China.

SerpinB2 deficiency is associated with delayed mammary tumor development and decreased pro-tumorigenic macrophage polarization.

The in vivo functions of SerpinB2 in tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) during breast cancer development and metastasis remain elusive. SerpinB2-deficient MMTV-PyMT mice (PyMT) were previously produced to explore the biological roles of SerpinB2 in breast cancer. Compared with MMTV-PyMT wild-type (PyMT) mice, PyMT mice showed delayed tumor progression and reduced CK8 + tumor cell dissemination to lymph nodes.

Transcriptome analysis of SerpinB2-deficient breast tumors provides insight into deciphering SerpinB2-mediated roles in breast cancer progression.

Background: SerpinB2 is highly expressed in immune and tumor cells and is involved in multiple biological functions, including cell survival and remodeling for disease progression. This study prepared SerpinB2-deficient mice and analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to determine if loss of this protein delays mammary tumor progression.

Results: A total of 305 DEGs (75 upregulated and 230 downregulated; > 1.

Application of immunotherapy based on dendritic cells stimulated by tumor cell-derived exosomes in a syngeneic breast tumor mouse model.

We here evaluated the therapeutic effect of tumor cell-derived exosomes (TEXs)-stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) in a syngeneic orthotopic breast tumor model. The DC line DC2.4 and breast cancer cell line E0771 originally isolated from C57BL/6 mice were used.

Noninvasive Photoacoustic Imaging of Dendritic Cell Stimulated with Tumor Cell-Derived Exosome.

Purpose: The tools to trigger dendritic cell (DC) activation and to verify DC migration in vivo are important for directing DC immunotherapy toward successful treatment. We evaluated whether tumor cell-derived exosome (TEX)-stimulated DC migration into lymph node (LN) in mouse could be tracked using gold nanoparticle (GN)-labeling and ultrasound (US)-guided photoacoustic imaging (PAI).

Procedures: GFP-transduced DC2.

Bisphenol A Promotes the Invasive and Metastatic Potential of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Protumorigenic Polarization of Macrophages.

Increased cancer risk and immune disorders linked with exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors like bisphenol A (BPA) have been steadily reported. Nevertheless, the impacts of BPA on the breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) progression and macrophage polarization remain to be elucidated. Here, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes in BPA-exposed DCIS cells and explored BPA effects on DCIS progression and macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Drug Delivery to Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells.

The feasibility of detecting breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) with magnetic resonance imaging using extradomain-B of fibronectin (EDB-FN)-specific peptide (APT )-conjugated thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (APT -TCL-SPIONs) is previously demonstrated. Here, doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded APT -TCL-SPIONs (Dox@APT -TCL-SPIONs) are generated and their theranostic ability in a BCSC xenograft mouse model is assessed. The Dox@APT -TCL-SPIONs enable more efficient delivery of Dox to tumors than nontargeted Dox@TCL-SPIONs.

IL-6-mediated cross-talk between human preadipocytes and ductal carcinoma in situ in breast cancer progression.

Background: The function of preadipocytes in the progression of early stage breast cancer has not been fully elucidated at the molecular level. To delineate the role of preadipocytes in breast cancer progression, we investigated the cross-talk between human breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cells and preadipocytes with both an in vitro culture and xenograft tumor model.

Methods: GFP or RFP was transduced into human DCIS cell line MCF10DCIS.

Breast cancer cell-derived exosomes and macrophage polarization are associated with lymph node metastasis.

Crosstalk between breast cancer and macrophages has potential implications for tumor metastasis. This study investigates macrophage polarization induced by triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell-derived exosomes that promote lymph node (LN) metastasis in orthotopic TNBC models. The MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line expressing the exosomal CD63-red fluorescence (RFP) fusion protein was generated to noninvasively visualize exosome transfer into cancer cells and macrophages.

Near-infrared photothermal therapy using anti-EGFR-gold nanorod conjugates for triple negative breast cancer.

Current EGFR-targeted therapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has produced disappointing results. A rational therapeutic strategy to improve EGFR-targeted treatment for TNBC is therefore needed. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of treating TNBC using photoacoustic imaging (PAI)-guided near-infrared photothermal therapy (NIR-PTT) with anti-EGFR-conjugated gold nanorods (anti-EGFR-GN).