Simulation and Experimental of Infiltration and Solidification Process for AlO/5083Al Interpenetrating Phase Composite for High Speed Train Prepared by Low-Pressure Infiltration.

Understanding the infiltration and solidification processes of liquid 5083Al alloy into AlO three-dimensional reticulated porous ceramic (AlO RPC) is essential for optimizing the microstructure and properties of AlO/5083Al interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) prepared by low-pressure infiltration process (LPIP). This study employs ProCAST software to simulate the infiltration and solidification processes of liquid 5083Al with pouring velocities (PV) of 0.4 m/s infiltrating into AlO RPC preforms with varying porosities at different pouring temperatures (PT) to prepare AlO/5083Al IPCs using LPIP.

Improved sequential production of hydrogen and caproate by addition of biochar prepared from cornstalk residues.

This study proposes a new model in which ethanol and acetate produced by dark fermentation are processed by Clostridium kluyveri for chain elongation to produce caproate with an addition of biochar prepared from cornstalk residues after acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis (AERBC) in the dark fermentation and chain elongation processes. The results show a 6-25% increase in hydrogen production in dark fermentation with adding AERBC, and the maximum concentration of caproate in the new model reached 1740 mg/L, 61% higher than that in the control group. In addition, caproate was obtained by dark fermentation, using liquid metabolites as substrates with an initial pH range of 6.

Acute toxic effects of microcystin-LR on crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): Insights from antioxidant system, histopathology and intestinal flora.

To study the toxic effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on crayfish, adult male Procambarus clarkii were exposed to different concentrations of MC-LR for 96 h. In the meantime, the accumulation characteristics of MC-LR and the alternations of antioxidant system, histopathology and intestinal flora of P. clarkii were investigated.

Comparing the Corrosion Resistance of 5083 Al and AlO3D/5083 Al Composite in a Chloride Environment.

In this study, an AlO3D/5083 Al composite was fabricated by infiltrating a molten 5083 Al alloy into a three-dimensional alumina reticulated porosity ceramics skeleton preform (AlO3D) using a pressureless infiltration method. The corrosion resistance of 5083 Al alloy and AlO3D/5083 Al in NaCl solution were compared via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), dynamic polarization potential (PDP), and neutral salt spray (NSS) tests. The microstructure of the two materials were investigated by 3D X-ray microscope and scanning electron microscopy aiming at understanding the corrosion mechanisms.

Insights into complete nitrate removal in one-stage nitritation-anammox by coupling heterotrophic denitrification.

Nitritation-anammox has been considered to be the most promising process for nitrogen (N) removal from wastewater. However, the anammox reaction still produces an amount of nitrate, which cannot be removed further. This study hypothesizes that heterotrophic denitrification can be an appealing option to remove the residual nitrate in the one-stage nitritation-anammox process.

Mycobacterial PPE13 activates inflammasome by interacting with the NATCH and LRR domains of NLRP3.

Pathogenic mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium marinum, can trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation leading to maturation and secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β). However, the mycobacterial factors involved in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome are not fully understood. Here, we identified that the PPE family protein PPE13 was responsible for the induction of IL-1β secretion in a NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent manner.

Microfluidic System for Observation of Bacterial Culture and Effects on Biofilm Formation at Microscale.

Biofilms exist in the natural world and applied to many industries. However, due to the variety of characteristics caused by their complex components, biofilms can also lead to membrane fouling and recurrent infections which pose threats to human health. So, to make the best use of their advantages and avoid their disadvantages, knowing the best time and methods for improving or preventing biofilm formation is important.

The role of COD/N ratio on the start-up performance and microbial mechanism of an upflow microaerobic reactor treating piggery wastewater.

This study investigated the role of COD/N ratio on the start-up and performance of an upflow microaerobic sludge reactor (UMSR) treating piggery wastewater at 0.5 mgO/L. At high COD/N ratio (6.

Enhanced nitrogen removal from piggery wastewater with high NH and low COD/TN ratio in a novel upflow microaerobic biofilm reactor.

To enhance nutrient removal more cost-efficiently in microaerobic process treating piggery wastewater characterized by high ammonium (NH-N) and low chemical oxygen demand (COD) to total nitrogen (TN) ratio, a novel upflow microaerobic biofilm reactor (UMBR) was constructed and the efficiency in nutrient removal was evaluated with various influent COD/TN ratios and reflux ratios. The results showed that the biofilm on the carriers had increased the biomass in the UMBR and enhanced the enrichment of slow-growth-rate bacteria such as nitrifiers, denitrifiers and anammox bacteria. The packed bed allowed the microaerobic biofilm process perform well at a low reflux ratio of 35 with a NH-N and TN removal as high as 93.

Effect of reflux ratio on nitrogen removal in a novel upflow microaerobic sludge reactor treating piggery wastewater with high ammonium and low COD/TN ratio: Efficiency and quantitative molecular mechanism.

A novel upflow microaerobic sludge reactor (UMSR) was constructed to treat manure-free piggery wastewater with high NH-N and low COD/TN ratio. In the light of the potential effect of effluent reflux ratio (RR) on nitrogen removal, performance of the UMSR was evaluated at 35°C and hydraulic retention time 8h with RR decreased from 45 to 25 by stages. A COD, NH-N and TN removal of above 77.

Biodegradation of chlorimuron-ethyl and the associated degradation pathway by Rhodococcus sp. D310-1.

Chlorimuron-ethyl is a typical long-term residual sulfonylurea herbicide, and strategies for its removal have attracted increasing attention. Microbial degradation is considered the most acceptable dissipation method. In this study, we optimized the cultivation conditions (substrate concentration, pH, inoculum concentration, and temperature) of the chlorimuron-ethyl-degrading bacterium Rhodococcus sp.