Mechanisms and implications of recompensation in cirrhosis.

Decompensated cirrhosis has long been considered the irreversible end stage of liver disease, characterised by further decompensating events until death or liver transplantation. However, the observed clinical improvements after effective antiviral treatments for HBV and HCV and after sustained alcohol abstinence have changed this paradigm, leading to the concept of "recompensation" of cirrhosis. Recompensation of cirrhosis was recently defined by Baveno VII as (i) cure of the primary liver disease aetiology; (ii) disappearance of signs of decompensation (ascites, encephalopathy and portal hypertensive bleeding) off therapy; and (iii) stable improvement of liver function tests (bilirubin, international normalised ratio and albumin).

Real-world experience with long-term albumin in patients with cirrhosis and ascites.

Background & Aims: Long-term albumin (LTA) is currently standard of care for patients with decompensated cirrhosis in many Italian hepatology centres. In this real-life study, we aimed to describe patient, logistical and treatment-related characteristics in daily clinical practice and to identify predictors of response.

Methods: We performed a multicentre, retrospective, observational study in patients with cirrhosis and ascites receiving LTA between 01/2016 and 02/2022 and followed until death, TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) placement, transplantation or 02/2023.

Infections in decompensated cirrhosis: Pathophysiology, management, and research agenda.

Bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis lead to a 4-fold increase in mortality. Immune dysfunction in cirrhosis further increases the risk of bacterial infections, in addition to alterations in the gut microbiome, which increase the risk of pathogenic bacteria. High rates of empiric antibiotic use contribute to increased incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms and further increases in mortality.

Follow-up post-HCV virological response to DAA in advanced chronic liver disease.

Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) achieve high virological response rates with minimal side effects for many patients. Despite their significant impact on the progression and epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) associated liver disease, the global annual incidence of chronic infections is expected to remain relatively constant, averaging 1.42 million new cases each year until 2030.

Development and external validation of a model to predict multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis.

Unlabelled: With the increasing rate of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), selecting appropriate empiric antibiotics has become challenging. We aimed to develop and externally validate a model for predicting the risk of MDRO infections in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods: We included patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections from two prospective studies: a transcontinental study was used for model development and internal validation (n = 1302), and a study from Argentina and Uruguay was used for external validation (n = 472).

Frailty and sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation: evidence from a single-centre, prospective cohort study.

Sarcopenia and frailty are common complications in patients with cirrhosis evaluated for liver transplantation (LT). Although the negative impact of sarcopenia on patient's outcome has been well studied, the prognostic role of frailty is not as clear. We assessed the prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty and the clinical impact of frailty in a prospective cohort of cirrhosis patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) listed for LT.

Acute liver failure.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disorder characterised by rapid deterioration of liver function, coagulopathy, and hepatic encephalopathy in the absence of pre-existing liver disease. The cause of ALF varies across the world. Common causes of ALF in adults include drug toxicity, hepatotropic and non-hepatotropic viruses, herbal and dietary supplements, antituberculosis drugs, and autoimmune hepatitis.

Observation of Medium-Induced Yield Enhancement and Acoplanarity Broadening of Low-p_{T} Jets from Measurements in pp and Central Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV.

The ALICE Collaboration reports the measurement of semi-inclusive distributions of charged-particle jets recoiling from a high transverse momentum (high p_{T}) hadron trigger in proton-proton and central Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. A data-driven statistical method is used to mitigate the large uncorrelated background in central Pb-Pb collisions.

Infectious Complications of Portal Hypertension.

Patients with cirrhosis and clinically significant portal hypertension are at high risk of developing bacterial infections (BIs) that are the most common trigger of acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure. Furthermore, after decompensation, the risk of developing BIs further increases in an ominous vicious circle. BIs may be subtle, and they should be ruled out in all patients at admission and in case of deterioration.

Recompensation of cirrhosis in candidates of transplant: Tips and tricks for delisting.

Liver transplantation (LT) is the most successful treatment for patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The availability of effective and safe etiological treatments has altered the natural history of decompensated cirrhosis. Recently, the concept of recompensation has been defined.

Photoproduction of K^{+}K^{-} Pairs in Ultraperipheral Collisions.

K^{+}K^{-} pairs may be produced in photonuclear collisions, either from the decays of photoproduced ϕ(1020) mesons or directly as nonresonant K^{+}K^{-} pairs. Measurements of K^{+}K^{-} photoproduction probe the couplings between the ϕ(1020) and charged kaons with photons and nuclear targets. The kaon-proton scattering occurs at energies far above those available elsewhere.

Infections in cirrhosis.

Cirrhosis is an immune dysfunction state, and as such, patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Because of infection, these patients have a propensity to develop multiorgan failure, which is associated with high mortality. Bacterial infections are the most prevalent type of infection in patients with cirrhosis, with the prevalence of bacterial infections in patients admitted for an acute decompensating event ranging from 24% to 29%.

Digital planning and bone regenerative technologies: A narrative review.

Objectives: The aim of this narrative review was to explore the application of digital technologies (DT) for the simplification and improvement of bone augmentation procedures in advanced implant dentistry.

Material And Methods: A search on electronic databases was performed to identify systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, prospective/retrospective case series, and case reports related to the application of DT in advanced implant dentistry.

Results: Seventy-nine articles were included.

ψ(2S) Suppression in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC.

The production of the ψ(2S) charmonium state was measured with ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV, in the dimuon decay channel. A significant signal was observed for the first time at LHC energies down to zero transverse momentum, at forward rapidity (2.

Hepatorenal Syndrome in Cirrhosis.

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a form of kidney dysfunction that characteristically occurs in liver cirrhosis. It is characterized by a marked impairment of kidney function in response to circulatory and hemodynamic alterations that occur in advanced stages of liver cirrhosis, aggravated by systemic inflammation and bacterial translocation. The classical definitions of the types of HRS have been recently revisited and 2 forms of HRS have been redefined: the acute form, referred to as acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI), and the chronic form, referred to as chronic kidney disease.

A new clinical and prognostic characterization of the patterns of decompensation of cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: The prognostic impact of acute decompensation (AD), i.e. the development of complications that require hospitalization, has recently been assessed.

Determinants of clinical response to empirical antibiotic treatment in patients with cirrhosis and bacterial and fungal infections-Results from the ICA "Global Study" (EABCIR-Global Study).

Background: The administration of an appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment is essential in cirrhosis and severe bacterial infections. We aimed to investigate the predictors of clinical response of empirical antibiotic treatment in a prospective cohort of patients with cirrhosis and bacterial and fungal infections included in the International Club of Ascites "Global Study."

Methods: Patients hospitalized with cirrhosis and bacterial/fungal infection were prospectively enrolled at 46 centers.