The Uptake, Transfer, and Detoxification of Cadmium in Plants and Its Exogenous Effects.

Cadmium (Cd) exerts a toxic influence on numerous crucial growth and development processes in plants, notably affecting seed germination rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and biomass. While considerable advances in Cd uptake and detoxification of plants have been made, the mechanisms by which plants adapt to and tolerate Cd toxicity remain elusive. This review focuses on the relationship between Cd and plants and the prospects for phytoremediation of Cd pollution.

Evolution and Expression Patterns of the Fructose 1,6-Bisphosptase Gene Family in a Miracle Tree ().

() is a fast-growing tree species with tremendous economic and ecological value; the study of the key genes regulating photosynthesis and sugar accumulation is very important for the breeding of . Fructose 1,6-bisphosptase () gene has been found to play a key role in plant photosynthesis, sugar accumulation and other growth processes. However, no systemic analysis of has been reported in .

Tannin tolerance lactic acid bacteria screening and their effects on fermentation quality of stylo and soybean silages.

Some excellent legume forages are difficult to ensile naturally due to their high buffering capacity and low water-soluble carbohydrate content. This may cause serious problems like proteolysis. In the present study, strains of lactic acid bacteria with high acid productivity and high tannin tolerance were screened from different silages and combined with tannic acid (TA) as an addition to ensiling.

Geographic variation in growth and wood traits of in China.

is an indigenous, timber-producing tree species in Southern China that plays an important role in the sustainable development of the local forestry industry. However, the geographic genetic variation across its natural distribution area in Southern China has yet to be characterized for best utilization. Here, we report the geographic genetic variation in growth and wood properties of from 10 provenances that represent the entire natural distribution of in Southern China.

The physiological and transcriptomic study of secondary growth in Neolamarckia cadamba stimulated by the ethylene precursor ACC.

Though many biological roles of ethylene have been investigated intensively, the molecular mechanism of ethylene's action in woody plants remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, on the growth of Neolamarckia cadamba seedlings, a fast-growing tropical tree. After 14 days of ACC treatment, the plants showed a reduced physiological morphology while stem diameter increased; however, this did not occur after the addition of 1-MCP.

induction and characterisation of tetraploid drumstick tree ( Lam.).

Artificial induction of polyploidy is widely used in breeding programmes to improve the agronomic traits. The drumstick tree ( Lam.) has a range of potential commercial uses, as the vegetative organs have high nutritional, medicinal, and feed values.

Reducing New Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery: A Review of Interventions.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to summarize interventions used in the perioperative period to reduce the development of new persistent postoperative opioid use in opioid-naïve patients.

Recent Findings: The development of new persistent opioid use after surgery has recently been identified as a common postoperative complication. The existing literature suggests that interventions across the continuum of care have been shown to decrease the incidence of new persistent postoperative opioid use.

Solid state fermentation of leaf meal by mixed strains for the protein enrichment and the improvement of nutritional value.

Lam. (MO) is a fast-growing multi-purpose deciduous tree with high biomass and nutritional value. However, the presence of antinutritional factors, poor palatability, and indigestibility of leaf meal (MOLM) restrict its application to animal feed.

Beneficial Effects of Tannic Acid on the Quality of Bacterial Communities Present in High-Moisture Mulberry Leaf and Stylo Silage.

Tannic acid (TA), a type of polyphenol, is widely distributed in plants, especially in legumes. Not only does it possess antimicrobial properties, but it also has the ability to bind with proteins. The fermentation parameters, nitrogen fractions, antioxidant capacity, and bacterial communities present in mulberry leaves and stylo () ensiled with or without 1 and 2% TA per kilogram of fresh matter (FM) were investigated after 75 days' fermentation.

Effects of citric acid on fermentation characteristics and bacterial diversity of Amomum villosum silage.

To study the effects of citric acid on fermentation process of Amomum villosum silage, A. villosum was ensiled without or with 1%, 2% citric acid and fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity were analyzed after 3, 7, 14, 30 days ensiling, respectively. Citric acid treated silages had lower dry matter loss (1.

Dynamics of fermentation quality, physiochemical property and enzymatic hydrolysis of high-moisture corn stover ensiled with sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide.

A better understanding of biomass usability during storage would offer basis for management decisions in production. High-moisture corn stover was ensiled with sulfuric acid (HSO, 0.3% and 0.

Ensiling characteristics, proteolysis and bacterial community of high-moisture corn stalk and stylo silage prepared with Bauhinia variegate flower.

Bauhinia variegate flower (BVF) was supposed to improve silage fermentation due to its abundant active components. Thus, corn stalk and stylo were ensiled with addition of 0, 5% or 10% BVF, and then ensiling characteristics, protein fraction and bacterial community were analyzed after 60-day fermentation. The contents of butyric acid (2.

Dynamics of proteolysis, protease activity and bacterial community of Neolamarckia cadamba leaves silage and the effects of formic acid and Lactobacillus farciminis.

To investigate the reason for well preservation of protein in Neolamarckia cadamba leaves (NCL) during ensiling, fresh NCL were ensiled with or without addition of 2.0 mL/kg formic acid (FA) or 1.0 × 10CFU/kg Lactobacillus farciminis (LF), and the dynamics of protease activity and microbial community were analyzed.

Dynamics of Bacterial Community and Fermentation Quality during Ensiling of Wilted and Unwilted Leaf Silage with or without Lactic Acid Bacterial Inoculants.

To investigate the effects of wilting and lactic acid bacterial inoculants on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of leaf silage, fresh and wilted leaves were ensiled with or without LF or LL for 1, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days. The results showed that wilting, inoculants, and their interaction exerted significant (0.05) effects on the fermentation characteristics covering dry matter loss, pH value, lactic acid bacterial number, the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid, and the relative abundances of bacteria, like for species of , , , , , and Both LF and LL improved the fermentation quality of wilted and unwilted leaf silage by accelerating lactic acid production and pH decline, decreasing dry matter loss, and inhibiting yeast and coliform bacterial growth through the whole fermentation process.

Genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family in drumstick ( Lam.).

WRKY proteins belong to one of the largest families of transcription factors. They have important functions in plant growth and development, signal transduction and stress responses. However, little information is available regarding the WRKY family in drumstick ( Lam.

Bacterial diversity and fermentation quality of Moringa oleifera leaves silage prepared with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and stored at different temperatures.

Four lactic acid bacteria strains (LP, LF, LL, W), isolated and selected from Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) silage, were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. farciminis, Lactococcus lactis, Weissella thailandensis, respectively. Fermentation quality and bacterial community of MOL ensiled without or with the four strains at 15 °C and 30 °C were investigated.

Isolation and analysis of α-expansin genes in the tree Anthocephalus chinensis (Rubiaceae).

Expansins are cell wall-associated proteins that induce wall extension and relax stress by disrupting noncovalent bonds between cellulose microfibrils and cross-linking glycan chains, thereby promoting wall creep. Anthocephalus chinensis is a very fast-growing economically important tree found mainly in South Asia. Sixteen cDNAs, designated AcEXPA1 to AcEXPA16 (GenBank accession Nos.

Hibernating little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) show variable immunological responses to white-nose syndrome.

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging infectious disease devastating hibernating North American bat populations that is caused by the psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans. Previous histopathological analysis demonstrated little evidence of inflammatory responses in infected bats, however few studies have compared other aspects of immune function between WNS-affected and unaffected bats. We collected bats from confirmed WNS-affected and unaffected sites during the winter of 2008-2009 and compared estimates of their circulating levels of total leukocytes, total immunoglobulins, cytokines and total antioxidants.

Infraoptic course of the anterior cerebral artery associated with an anterior communicating artery aneurysm: anatomic case report and embryological considerations.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: An infraoptic course of the proximal anterior cerebral artery is a rare anomaly that has been reported in 32 cases to date, often in association with cerebral aneurysms. This anomaly represents a maldevelopment in the embryogenesis of the anterior circle of Willis, resulting from the persistence of the primitive prechiasmal arterial anastomosis or an error in the development of the definitive ophthalmic artery (OphA). The case of a patient with a ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm and an anterior communicating artery aneurysm associated with this anomaly is described, and the anatomic features are outlined.

Spontaneous occlusion of supraclinoid aneurysms after the creation of extra-intracranial bypasses using long grafts: report of two cases.

Objective: We describe two cases of giant supraclinoid aneurysms, treated by means of saphenous vein grafting between the external carotid artery and the middle cerebral artery, which unexpectedly spontaneously occluded.

Clinical Presentation: Two patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and headache, respectively. In the first case, angiography showed an aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery (ICA), which had been treated by clipping.

[Cranial fractures during growth. An analysis of the authors' personal cases and therapeutic management of such childhood pathology].

Growing skull fractures are a rare complication of head injury with a dome fracture. The cases described in literature highlight a higher frequency of this pathology in children under than over three years of age. The authors describe 4 personal cases, underlying the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

Hemodynamic effects of preoperative embolization in cerebral arteriovenous malformations: evaluation with transcranial Doppler sonography.

A series of 83 patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations is presented. All patients were evaluated with transcranial Doppler sonography. Thirty-two patients were treated with staged embolization and surgery: 19 of these patients were operated on within 4 weeks of the last embolization, and the remaining 13 patients underwent surgery 6 months or more from embolization.