Publications by authors named "Piaggi P"
Background: Measures of energy metabolism (energy expenditure [EE], respiratory exchange ratio [RER]) have been associated with ad libitum energy intake (EI) and weight gain in previous observational studies, suggesting that energy-sensing mechanisms drive EI to meet metabolic energy demands.
Objectives: We aimed to employ mild cold exposure as an intervention to alter energy metabolism and evaluate its causal effects on concurrent and next day ad libitum EI.
Methods: In a controlled crossover study, 47 volunteers (16 female; age 37.
The electrical double layer (EDL) at metal oxide-electrolyte interfaces critically affects fundamental processes in water splitting, batteries, and corrosion. However, limitations in the microscopic-level understanding of the EDL have been a major bottleneck in controlling these interfacial processes. Herein, we use ab initio-based machine learning potential simulations incorporating long-range electrostatics to unravel the molecular-scale picture of the EDL at the prototypical anatase TiO-electrolyte interface under various pH conditions.
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- * Researchers used metabolic chamber experiments and metabolite profiling to analyze substrate oxidation rates and energy expenditure across various diets, including fasting and high-fat diets.
- * Findings reveal that diets promoting fat oxidation are linked to specific changes in metabolic pathways and metabolites, demonstrating the relationship between substrate availability and human physiology.
Identification and functional validation of rare coding variants in genes linked to monogenic obesity.
Obesity (Silver Spring)
September 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates rare genetic variations linked to monogenic obesity in a community where polygenic obesity is more common, using whole-exome sequencing from over 6,800 people.
- Researchers analyzed data from children and adults with extreme Body Mass Index (BMI) to identify nonsynonymous variants in 15 obesity-related genes.
- Eight missense variants were found in six genes, with some variants (particularly in MC4R) already known to impair its function, while additional variants in KSR2 and NTRK2 are suggested to affect protein function and may contribute to severe obesity.
Context: The active surveillance (AS) program for papillary thyroid carcinoma (≤ 1 cm) at low-risk (mPTC) showed a low percentage of progression.
Objective: The aim of this study was to find a molecular signature of cases that showed disease progression during AS, which would allow their early identification.
Methods: We performed next generation sequencing of 95 fine needle aspiration cytology specimens from cases prospectively enrolled in the AS program to analyze key somatic driver alterations or gene fusions implicated in PTC tumorigenesis.
Context: The locus CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1, a primary genetic signal for lipids, has recently been implicated in different metabolic processes. Our investigation identified its association with energy metabolism.
Objective: This work aimed to determine biological mechanisms that govern diverse functions of this locus.
Introduction: Historically, secular and seasonal trend analyses have been examined using self-report measures of intake. Rarely are objective measures and known determinants of dietary intake used in these analyses. Our objective was to quantify the seasonal and secular differences in an objective intake paradigm while considering the contribution of determinants, such as fat-free mass (FFM) index and spontaneous physical activity (SPA) limited to the restricted space of a whole-room calorimeter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The objective of this study was to study how acid accumulation (lower plasma bicarbonate and higher anion gap [AG] and corrected anion gap [CAG]) correlates with metabolic parameters, food intake, and 24-h energy expenditure (EE).
Methods: Acid accumulation was measured in 286 healthy adults with estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.73 m.
Genetic determinants of interindividual differences in energy expenditure (EE) are largely unknown. Sphingolipids, such as ceramides, have been implicated in the regulation of human EE via mitochondrial uncoupling. In this study, we investigated whether genetic variants within enzymes involved in sphingolipid synthesis and degradation affect EE and insulin-related traits in a cohort of American Indians informative for 24-h EE and glucose disposal rates during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.
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- The study highlights that in mice, nearly 40% of the light phase and 80% of the dark phase are marked by periods of increased energy expenditure (EE), known as ultradian bouts.
- These bouts are associated with higher body temperatures and consist of most physical activity and wakefulness, suggesting that they are more indicative of mouse physiology than the traditional light/dark cycles.
- The findings indicate that these ultradian bouts, resulting from brain-driven increases in body temperature, lead to significant energy expenditure from various bodily activities, making mouse metabolic physiology largely episodic rather than solely reliant on circadian rhythms.
Objective: We investigated how changes in 24-h respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and substrate oxidation during fasting versus an energy balance condition influence subsequent ad libitum food intake.
Methods: Forty-four healthy, weight-stable volunteers (30 male and 14 female; mean [SD], age 39.3 [11.
The emerging field of precision nutrition is based on the notion that inter-individual responses across diets of different calorie-macronutrient content may contribute to inter-individual differences in metabolism, adiposity, and weight gain. Free-living diet studies have been traditionally challenged by difficulties in controlling adherence to prescribed calories and macronutrient content and rarely allow a period of metabolic stability prior to metabolic measures (to minimize influences of weight changes). In this context, key physiologic measures central to precision nutrition responses may be most precisely quantified via whole room indirect calorimetry over 24-h, in which precise control of activity and nutrition can be achieved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: Reduced renal insulin signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of albuminuria. We sought to investigate whether insulin action and secretion, measured before diabetes onset, are associated with the development of albuminuria after diabetes onset.
Materials And Methods: Baseline body composition, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp at submaximal and maximal insulin stimulation (240 and 2400 pmol/m/min; M-low and M-high), and insulin secretion by intravenous glucose tolerance test [acute insulin response (AIR)] were measured in 170 Southwestern Indigenous American adults who subsequently developed diabetes.
Purpose: The screening test to suspect infantile hypercalcemia-1 (HCINF1) is the measure of 25(OH)D/24,25(OH)D ratio at mass spectroscopy (MS). When the ratio is > 80, the gold standard for the diagnosis is genetic analysis. Given its limited availability, MS may not represent a screening test and most cases of HCINF1 remain undiagnosed.
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- The study aimed to investigate how weight loss affects the size of adipocytes (fat cells) and the caloric density of adipose tissue in healthy adults undergoing caloric restriction for six weeks.
- Results showed that large adipocyte sizes decreased significantly with weight loss, and these reductions were correlated with the loss of fat mass and decrease in waist circumference.
- Despite the changes in large cell diameters, the overall caloric density of adipose tissue did not change, highlighting that larger fat cells may be important targets for weight loss efforts.
Introduction: Adolescents experience rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth with different factors contributing to health and well-being. In this view, an important role is played by body weight and related perceptions. The purpose was to determine, in a sample of Italian high school students, whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with the different weight status categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese), even considering sex differences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Bullying is a hostile behavior repeated over a time period, affecting children and adolescents in different social settings, mainly small and stable ones like school, with negative effects on mental and physical health. In this study, we aimed to provide the degree of impairment of different variables related to health and well-being in bullying conditions, with attention to sex differences.
Methods: Data were obtained from 5390 adolescents (mean age 13.
Objective: FGF23 measurement may have a diagnostic role to investigate patients with phosphate disorders. However, normal values for infants, children, and adolescents have not been defined.
Methods: In a total of 282 (males 145, females 137) healthy infants (n = 30), prepubertal (n = 147), pubertal (n = 59), and postpubertal (n = 46), and in twenty patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH, age 10.
Background: The effect of estrogen and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin on micropapillary thyroid carcinoma (mPTC) is not defined. Pregnancy and menopause could represent critical moments during active surveillance (AS) for women with mPTC.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of either pregnancy or menopause on growth of mPTCs on AS.
Objective: The existence of seasonal changes in energy metabolism is uncertain. We investigated the relationship between the seasons and spontaneous physical activity (SPA), energy expenditure (EE), and other components measured in a respiratory chamber.
Methods: Between 1985-2005, 671 healthy adults (aged 28.