Differential changes in cyclic adenosine 3'-5' monophosphate (cAMP) effectors and major Ca handling proteins during diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with differential and time-specific regulation of β-adrenergic receptors and cardiac cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases with consequences for total cyclic adenosine 3'-5' monophosphate (cAMP) levels. We aimed to investigate whether these changes are associated with downstream impairments in cAMP and Ca signalling in a type 1 diabetes (T1D)-induced DCM model. T1D was induced in adult male rats by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) injection.

Cardiac Phosphodiesterases Are Differentially Increased in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

Aim: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) accomodates a spectrum of cardiac abnormalities. This study aims to investigate whether DCM is associated with changes in cyclic adenosine 3'-5' monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, particularly cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs).

Main Methods: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg) injection.

Evaluation of waterpipe smoke toxicity in C57BL/6 mice model.

Waterpipe smoking is a popular pastime worldwide with statistics pointing to an alarming increase in consumption. In the current paper, the evaluation of sub-chronic waterpipe smoke exposure was undertaken using C57BL/6 female mice using a dynamic exposure setting to emulate smoke exposure. Mice were daily subjected to either one (single exposure, SE) or two sessions (double exposure, DE) of waterpipe-generated smoke (two-apple flavor) for a period of two months.