Interactions between Used Cooking Oil Biodiesel Blends and Elastomer Materials in the Diesel Engine.

Used cooking oil (UCO) biodiesel may be one of the most potential alternative fuels in China to lower the dependency on crude oil for transportation. An experimental study has been conducted to assess the interactions between biodiesel produced from UCO in Shanghai and elastomer materials on high-speed marine diesel engines by immersing elastomer materials into conventional fossil diesel, 5, 10, and 20%, of a volumetric blending ratio of UCO biodiesel and pure UCO biodiesel. The test duration is 168 h at different temperatures of 25, 50, and 70 °C.

A phenomenological model for particle number and size distributions of a diesel engine with a diesel oxidation catalyst.

Particle number is a key index for evaluating particulate emissions, and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) are one of the most important technologies for controlling the particulate emissions of a diesel engine. In this paper, a novel phenomenological one-dimensional model was established to predict particle number and size distributions at a DOC outlet with the aim of investigating the effects of DOC on particle number emissions. The phenomenological model consisted of two submodels: submodel-1, a global kinetic model for calculating particle size in particle number and size distributions after particles had passed through the DOC, and submodel-2, an original global parametric model for calculating the particle number at the DOC outlet.

[Particulate Component Emission Characteristic from a Diesel Bus with DOC and CDPF].

A diesel bus was tested with a China City Bus Cycle (CCBC) on a heavy chassis dynamometer, and the components of the particulate emissions with different after-treatment equipment were investigated. Results showed that OC was less than EC in the particulates of the bus emissions without the use of after-treatment equipment. The organic components were mainly fatty acids (60.

[Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matter from Diesel Buses Meeting Different China Emission Standards Fueled with Biodiesel].

Based on heavy chassis dynamometer, an experimental study was conducted in diesel buses compliant with China Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ emissions standards respectively, fueled with three different blends of petroleum diesel/biodiesel (0%,5%and 10%, biodiesel blends), which investigated the characteristics of particulate matter (PM) emission under CCBC driving cycle. Results of study showed that the total PM number and mass emission from China Ⅴ bus respectively decreased by 68.1%,56.

[Influence of Noble Metal and Promoter Capacity in CDPF on Particulate Matter Emissions of Diesel Bus].

This study investigates the influence of noble metal capacity and promoter capacity in diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) and catalyzed diesel particulate filters (CDPF) on particulate matter (PM) emissions. Four types of exhaust aftertreatments were applied to a diesel bus engine that meets the national Ⅲ emissions regulations. On-board tests were conducted respectively.

[Effects of Different Precious Metal Loads of CDPF on Characteristics of VOCs Emissions from a Diesel Bus].

Based on heavy chassis dynamometers, an experimental study was conducted in a diesel bus with proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). It investigated the effects of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission characteristics with three different diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC)+catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) after-treatments for a typical Chinese city bus driving cycle (CCBC). The results reveal that the major compounds from the diesel bus are OVOCs, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkenes, alkanes, nitrogenous organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and that the OVOCs account for more than 50%of the total VOCs.

[Effects of DOC+CDPF on Emission Characteristics of Heavy-duty Diesel Vehicle].

Based on the revolving drum test bench, an experimental study was conducted in heavy-duty diesel vehicle at China Stage Ⅲ with and without DOC+CDPF to investigate the effects of DOC+CDPF on the gaseous and particle emission characteristics under C-WTVC driving cycle. The results showed that from city circulation conditions to high way circulation conditions to high-speed circulation conditions, the CO, THC, CO and PM emission factors of the test vehicle without DOC+CDPF decreased while NO and PN emission factors increased, the particle number concentration showed two peaks versus the size of the particles and accumulated particles predominated. After the test vehicle was equipped with DOC+CDPF, the emissions factors decreased and the faster the circulation speed, the greater the decreasing amplitudes of the emissions factors.

[Emission Characteristics of Gaseous Pollutants from City Bus Fueled with Biodiesel Based on DOC+CDPF Technology in Real Road Conditions].

The gaseous emissions of stage Ⅲ standard City bus with and without DOC+CDPF after-treatment fueled with biodiesel blends on real road in steady-state and transient conditions were studied using OBS-2200 gaseous portable emission measurement. The results showed that B20 led to a decrease of CO and THC emission rates compared with those of B0. In steady-state condition, CO and THC average mass emission rates of B20 decreased by 26.

[Effect of DOC/CCRT Aging on Gaseous Emission Characteristics of an In-used Diesel Engine Bus].

Based on heavy chassis dynamometer, an experimental study was conducted in diesel bus with China Stage Ⅲ, which investigated the effects of gaseous emission characteristics under CCBC driving cycle, such as carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO), nitrogen oxides (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO) with the fresh/aged oxidized catalyst (DOC) and oxidation catalysts coupled catalyzed particulate trap (DOC+CDPF, referred CCRT). The results showed that using fresh and aged DOC/CCRT, the diesel bus could reduce CO, THC and NO emissions, meanwhile increase NO emissions, but NO and CO emissions remained basically unchanged. In idle speed, acceleration, deceleration and constant speed of working conditions, the diesel bus using the fresh DOC had better oxidation efficiency of the CO and THC emissions than the bus using the aged DOC.

[Emission characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in exhaust particles from a diesel car].

The emission characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in exhaust particles from a diesel car were studied. In the experiment, pure diesel fuel and B10 fuel with a biodiesel blend ratio of 10% were chosen. The gaseous emissions of HC, CO and NO(x) under New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) were measured, and exhaust particulate matter (PM) samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

[Research on NEDC ultrafine particle emission characters of a port fuel injection gasoline car].

A Santana gasoline car with multi-port fuel injection (PFI) system was used as the research prototype and an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) was employed to investigate the exhaust ultrafine particle number and size distribution characters of the tested vehicle in new European driving cycle (NEDC). The tested results showed that the vehicle's nuclear particle number, accumulation particle number, as well as the total particle number emission increased when the car drove in accelerated passage, and the vehicle's particle number emission was high during the first 40 seconds after test started and when the speed was over 90 km x h(-1) in extra urban driving cycle (EUDC) in NEDC. The ultrafine particle distribution of the whole NEDC showed a single peak logarithmic distribution, with diameters of the peak particle number emission ranging from 10 nm to 30 nm, and the geometric mean diameter was 24 nm.

[Emission characteristics of a diesel car fueled with coal based Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel and fossil diesel blends].

According to the first type test cycle of China national standard GB 18352.3-2005, the CO, NO(x), HC, PM and CO2 emission characteristics of a PASSAT diesel car fueled with Shanghai local IV diesel, coal based Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel, and the blends of coal based F-T diesel and Shanghai local IV diesel up to 10% and 50% by volume were analyzed respectively. And the environmental impacts such as decreased air quality, health impact, photochemical ozone, global warming, and acidification that could be caused by CO, NO(x), HC, PM and CO2 emission of the diesel car were also assessed.

[FTIR detection of unregulated emissions from a diesel engine with biodiesel fuel].

Biodiesel, as one of the most promising alternative fuels, has received more attention because of limited fossil fuels. A comparison of biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel is discussed as regards engine unregulated exhaust emissions. A diesel fuel, a pure biodiesel fuel, and fuel with 20% V/V biodiesel blend ratio were tested without engine modification The present study examines six typical unregulated emissions by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method: formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (C2 H4 O), acetone (C3 H6 O), toluene (C7 H8), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon dioxide (CO2).