Preparing for the next respiratory pathogen pandemic: using tabletop simulation exercises to strengthen national planning in Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Lebanon and Mongolia.

The Preparedness and Resilience for Emerging Threats (PRET) initiative takes an innovative mode-of-transmission approach to pandemic planning by advocating for integrated preparedness and response systems and capacities for groups of pathogens with common transmission pathways. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched this initiative in 2023 with the publication of PRET Module 1 addressing respiratory pathogens. Exercise PanPRET-1 is a customizable tabletop simulation exercise (TTX) package developed to complement PRET Module 1.

Mapping the international health regulations monitoring and evaluation framework: an expert consultation, triangulation crosswalk and quantitative analysis.

The International Health Regulations Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (IHRMEF) includes four components regularly conducted by States Parties to measure the current status of International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005 core capacities and provide recommendations for strengthening these capacities. However, the four components are conducted independently of one another and have no systematic referral to each other before, during or after each process, despite being largely conducted by the same team, country and support organisations. This analysis sets out to identify ways in which IHRMEF components could work more synergistically to effectively measure the status of IHR core capacities, taking into account the country's priority risks.

Biomarker discovery with quantum neural networks: a case-study in CTLA4-activation pathways.

Background: Biomarker discovery is a challenging task due to the massive search space. Quantum computing and quantum Artificial Intelligence (quantum AI) can be used to address the computational problem of biomarker discovery from genetic data.

Method: We propose a Quantum Neural Networks architecture to discover genetic biomarkers for input activation pathways.

WHO's Investigations and Studies, Unity Studies: A global initiative creating equitable opportunities for enhanced surveillance, operational research, capacity building, and global knowledge sharing.

The World Health Organization's Unity Studies global initiative provides a generic preparedness and readiness framework for conducting detailed investigations and epidemiological studies critical for the early and ongoing assessment of emerging respiratory pathogens of pandemic potential. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the initiative produced standardized investigation protocols and supported Member States to generate robust and comparable data to inform public health decision making. The subsequent iteration of the initiative is being implemented to develop revised and new investigation protocols, implementation toolkits and work to build a sustainable global network of sites, enabling the global community to be better prepared for the next emerging respiratory pathogen with epidemic or pandemic potential.

Annona glabra L. Seeds: An Agricultural Waste Biosorbent for the Eco-Friendly Removal of Methylene Blue.

The seeds of Annona glabra L., an invasive plant in Vietnam, were first employed as a new biosorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous media. The characterizations of the material using FT-IR, SEM, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, and point of zero charge reveals that it possesses a rough and irregular surface, various polar functional groups, and pH of 5.

A global research agenda on public health and social measures during emergencies.

The importance of strong coordination for research on public health and social measures was highlighted at the Seventy-fourth World Health Assembly in 2021. This article describes efforts undertaken by the World Health Organization (WHO) to develop a global research agenda on the use of public health and social measures during health emergencies. This work includes a multistep process that started with a global technical consultation convened by WHO in September 2021.

Results from the second WHO external quality assessment for the molecular detection of respiratory syncytial virus, 2019-2020.

Background: External quality assessments (EQAs) for the molecular detection of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are necessary to ensure the standardisation of reliable results. The Phase II, 2019-2020 World Health Organization (WHO) RSV EQA included 28 laboratories in 26 countries. The EQA panel evaluated performance in the molecular detection and subtyping of RSV-A and RSV-B.

PIPDeploy: Development and implementation of a gamified table top simulation exercise to strengthen national pandemic vaccine preparedness and readiness.

Successful emergency vaccination campaigns rely on effective deployment and vaccination plans. This applies to localised outbreaks as well as for pandemics. In the wake of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, analysis of the global Vaccine Deployment Initiative, through which the World Health Organization (WHO) donated pandemic influenza vaccines to countries in need, revealed that an absence of vaccine deployment plans in many countries significantly hindered vaccine deployment.

Light Absorption and Luminescence Quenching Properties of Hybrid Bulk Heterojunction Materials Based on the Blend Conducting Polymers.

We have investigated the enhancement absorption light and luminescence quenching properties of the hybrid bulk heterojunction systems which were fabricated using poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV); poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT); fullerene derivative 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl-1-phenyl-[6,6] C61 (PCBM) and TiO₂ nanocrystals. The optimized material showed a broad absorption in the region of 350 to 670 nm and the luminescence quenching higher 85%. The obtained results provide further insight into photophysics of the heterojunction system and device performance improvement by using this system as an active layer.

Early detection of clinically significant prostate cancer at diagnosis: a prospective study using a novel panel of TMPRSS2:ETS fusion gene markers.

We explore noninvasive clinical applications of multiple disease-specific fusion markers recently discovered in prostate cancer to predict the risk of cancer occurrence and aggressiveness at diagnosis. A total of 92 men who were prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screened and scheduled for diagnostic biopsy were enrolled for this study. Prospectively collected urine was blind coded for laboratory tests.

Mitochondrial DNA damage is sensitive to exogenous H(2)O(2) but independent of cellular ROS production in prostate cancer cells.

Intrinsic oxidative stress through enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in prostate and other cancers may contribute to cancer progression due to its stimulating effect on cancer growth. In this study, we investigate differential responses to exogenous oxidative stimuli between aggressive prostate cancer and normal cell lines and explore potential mechanisms through interactions between cytotoxicity, cellular ROS production and oxidative DNA damage. The circular, multi-copy mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is used as a sensitive surrogate to oxidative DNA damage.

A panel of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion transcript markers for urine-based prostate cancer detection with high specificity and sensitivity.

Background: The TMPRSS2:ERG fusion is both prevalent and unique to prostate cancer (PCa) and has great potential for noninvasive diagnosis of PCa in bodily fluids.

Objectives: To evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion in urine from diverse clinical contexts and to explore potential clinical applications.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A total of 101 subjects were enrolled in 2008 from urologic oncology clinics to form three study groups: 44 PCa free, 46 confirmed PCa, and 11 negative prostate biopsies.

Viet Nam's mandatory motorcycle helmet law and its impact on children.

Objective: To measure the use of motorcycle helmets in children and to determine the reasons why children wear helmets less often than adults.

Methods: The frequency of helmet wearing among adults and children was ascertained by trained roadside observers, and randomized road user surveys were completed in four major centres in Viet Nam: Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Can Tho and Da Nang. Survey data on key questions were cross tabulated, and chi2 was calculated for significant differences between parents and non-parents (0.