Release Kinetics of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Governing Drug Release and Hydrodynamic Changes of Matrix Tablet.

Background: Hydrophilic Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix tablets are the standard role model of the oral controlled-release formulation. Nevertheless, the HPMC kinetics for the mechanistic understanding of drug release and hydrodynamic behaviors are rarely investigated. This study aims to investigate the release behaviors of both HPMC and paracetamol (model drug) from the hydrophilic matrix tablet.

Clay-based Formulations for Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Water-soluble Drugs.

Clays have been used in various health care products, including drug delivery systems. Advanced formulations have been investigated to take full advantage of clays or clay-based materials. The remarkable properties of clays, such as high adsorption, high surface area and high ion exchange capacities, provide an ideal system for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Bovine extracellular vesicles contaminate human extracellular vesicles produced in cell culture conditioned medium when 'exosome-depleted serum' is utilised.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important intercellular communication messengers. Half of the published studies in the field are in vitro cell culture based in which bovine serum in various concentrations and forms is used to facilitate the production of extracellular vesicles. 'Exosome depleted serum' is the type of bovine serum most widely used in the production of human EVs.

The inhibition of ABCB1/MDR1 or ABCG2/BCRP enables doxorubicin to eliminate liver cancer stem cells.

Two ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCB1/MDR1 and ABCG2/BCRP, are considered the most critical determinants for chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, their roles in the chemoresistance in liver cancer stem cells remain elusive. Here we explored the role of inhibition of MDR1 or ABCG2 in sensitizing liver cancer stem cells to doxorubicin, the most frequently used chemotherapeutic agent in treating liver cancer.

Effect of pH adjustment and ratio of oppositely charged polymers on the mechanistic performance and sustained release of volatile perfume in interpolyelectrolyte complex microcapsules.

In this study, volatile perfume was encapsulated in microcapsules (MCs) via interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) of oppositely charged polymers, with high encapsulation efficiency, to be delivered in a sustained manner. Positively charged chitosan (CTS) and negatively charged Eudragit® S100 (ES100) were used as eco-friendly biopolymers. Limonene (LMN) was selected as the model perfume.

Double-Controlled Release of Poorly Water-Soluble Paliperidone Palmitate from Self-Assembled Albumin-Oleic Acid Nanoparticles in PLGA in situ Forming Implant.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of solvents on the formation of self-assembled nanonization of albumin-oleic acid conjugates (AOCs) using a solvent exchange mechanism for the construction of in situ forming implants (ISFI).

Methods: A poorly water-soluble drug, paliperidone palmitate (PPP), was chosen as the model drug. AOC was synthesized with the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) reaction.

Recent studies on the processes and formulation impacts in the development of solid dispersions by hot-melt extrusion.

Industrial-scale pharmaceutical applications still face many challenges in overcoming the low absorption and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Hot-melt extrusion has emerged as a promising approach with continuous processing on an industrial scale for the preparation of drug delivery systems. Many reviews have mentioned the potential applications, processes, principles and advantages and disadvantages of hot-melt extrusion in the pharmaceutical industry.

Encapsulation of Lipid-based Formulations in Porous Carriers for Controlled Drug Delivery.

Lipid-based formulations have recently been investigated as a promising approach to enhance the bioavailability of drugs, especially poorly water-soluble drugs. The encapsulation of lipid-based formulations in porous materials can result in a transformation of liquids or semisolid forms to solid dosage forms. Moreover, the specific structure of porous carriers could offer an enhanced ability to load and control active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Current developments in the oral drug delivery of fucoidan.

Fucoidan is well known to have various biological functions and is often investigated for pharmaceutical applications. Several studies have been conducted on clinical applications of fucoidan in recent years, especially regarding its oral drug delivery. Although fucoidan has shown promising results in various dosage forms, its potential applications as a dietary supplement have been demonstrated, and recent studies show that oral administration of fucoidan is preferred.

Strategies and formulations of freeze-dried tablets for controlled drug delivery.

The freeze-drying process has been particularly attractive for preparing tablets for controlled drug release. Although traditional methods, such as granulation or direct compression methods, have been used in various studies to produce tablets with controlled release, freeze-drying processes have been utilized in certain circumstances due to their distinct advantages. However, overall, further development of these strategies, which started with early studies on orally disintegrating tablets, is still necessary.

Blueberry Supplementation in Neuronal Health and Protective Technologies for Efficient Delivery of Blueberry Anthocyanins.

Blueberries are consumed as healthy fruits that provide a variety of benefits to the nervous system. Scientists have found that blueberries can be used as a daily edible source for supplementation to prevent and minimize complexities of age-related diseases as well as to improve learning and memory in children. Anthocyanins are the most mentioned compounds among the components in blueberries, as they play a major role in providing the health benefits of this fruit.

Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Film-Forming Gels for the Controlled Delivery of Drugs with Different Levels of Hydrophobicity.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic Film-Forming Gels (FFGs) on the controlled delivery of drugs with different levels of hydrophobicity.

Methods: This evaluation was carried out by employing zein and polyvinylpyrrolidone as hydrophobic and hydrophilic film-forming agents, respectively, in combination with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose functionalized as a hydrogel basement at a ratio that had been optimized to achieve the fastest drying time. Free curcumin or terbinafine hydrochloride was subsequently dispersed into blank FFGs to produce the final FFG formulations.

Effects of Mucoadhesive Polymers on Released Particles and Drug Release in Solid Lipid Particle-Based Buccal Tablets.

Background: Mucoadhesive polymers play a critical role in controlled-release tablets for buccal drug delivery.

Objective: This research aimed to investigate the characterization and mechanisms of solid lipid particle-based tablets with different mucoadhesive polymers for buccal delivery.

Methods: Prednisolone (PSL)-loaded Solid Lipid Particles (SLPs) were conventionally prepared by ultrasonication.

Current Studies of Aspirin as an Anticancer Agent and Strategies to Strengthen its Therapeutic Application in Cancer.

Aspirin has emerged as a promising intervention in cancer in the past decade. However, there are existing controversies regarding the anticancer properties of aspirin as its mechanism of action has not been clearly defined. In addition, the risk of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract from aspirin is another consideration that requires medical and pharmaceutical scientists to work together to develop more potent and safe aspirin therapy in cancer.

Fast-Dissolving Solid Dispersions for the Controlled Release of Poorly Watersoluble Drugs.

Solid dispersions offer many advantages for oral drug delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs over other systems, including an increase in drug solubility and drug dissolution. An improvement in drug absorption and the higher bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients in the gastrointestinal tract have been reported in various studies. In certain circumstances, a rapid pharmacological effect is required for patients.

Mucoadhesive Formulation Designs for Oral Controlled Drug Release at the Colon.

Mucoadhesive formulations have been demonstrated to result in efficient drug delivery systems with advantages over existing systems such as increased local retention and sustained drug release via adhesiveness to mucosal tissues. The controlled release of colon-targeted, orally administered drugs has recently attracted a number of studies investigating mucoadhesive systems. Consequently, substantial designs, from mucoadhesive cores to shells of particles, have been studied with promising applications.

Molecular Interactions in Solid Dispersions of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs.

Physicochemical characterization is a crucial step for the successful development of solid dispersions, including the determination of drug crystallinity and molecular interactions. Typically, the detection of molecular interactions will assist in the explanation of different drug performances (e.g.

Lead Compounds in the Context of Extracellular Vesicle Research.

Studies of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), known as exosomes, have been flourishing in the last decade with several achievements, from advancing biochemical knowledge to use in biomedical applications. Physiological changes of sEVs due to the variety of cargos they carry undoubtedly leave an impression that affects the understanding of the mechanism underlying disease and the development of sEV-based shuttles used for treatments and non-invasive diagnostic tools. Indeed, the remarkable properties of sEVs are based on their nature, which helps shield them from recognition by the immune system, protects their payload from biochemical degradation, and contributes to their ability to translocate and convey information between cells and their inherent ability to target disease sites such as tumors that is valid for sEVs derived from cancer cells.

Insoluble Polymers in Solid Dispersions for Improving Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs.

In recent decades, solid dispersions have been demonstrated as an effective approach for improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, as have solid dispersion techniques that include the application of nanotechnology. Many studies have reported on the ability to change drug crystallinity and molecular interactions to enhance the dissolution rate of solid dispersions using hydrophilic carriers. However, numerous studies have indicated that insoluble carriers are also promising excipients in solid dispersions.

The relationship between mucoadhesive polymers and surface coating in tablets for the controlled colonic delivery of a poorly water-soluble drug.

Background: The mucoadhesive polymers play an important role in targeted and controlled drug delivery.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the drug release behaviour and interpret the role of mucoadhesive polymers involved in the coating layer of mucoadhesive tablets for the sustained release of a poorly water-soluble drug.

Methods: A solid dispersion of prednisolone and zein was used in the core tablets created with two mucoadhesive polymers, which included Carbopol 940 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M.

Developmental Strategies of Curcumin Solid Dispersions for Enhancing Bioavailability.

Background: Although curcumin has been demonstrated to be beneficial in treating various diseases, its low solubility, chemical stability and bioavailability limit its application, especially in cancer therapy.

Methods: Solid dispersions have been utilized in the last few decades to improve the bioavailability and stability of curcumin.

Results: However, there is a lack of summaries and classifications of the methods for preparing curcumin with this technology.

Nano-sized Solid Dispersions for Improving the Bioavailability of Poorly Water-soluble Drugs.

It has been well established that solid dispersions have a high potential to increase the release rate of poorly water-soluble drugs, resulting in high drug bioavailability. Solid dispersions have been vigorously investigated with various practical approaches in recent decades. Improvements in wettability, molecular interactions and drugs being held in an amorphous state in solid dispersions are the main mechanisms underlying the high drug release rate.

Shear Stress-Dependent Targeting Efficiency Using Self-Assembled Gelatin-Oleic Nanoparticles in a Biomimetic Microfluidic System.

Cellular properties and microenvironments, as well as the characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs), affect the cellular uptake and cytotoxic effects of drug-loaded NPs. Since there is fluid flow in the human blood system, fluid flow also affects the drug delivery efficiency of NPs. This study aimed to evaluate the cellular behaviors of drug-loaded soft NPs on A549 cancer cells under different levels of shear stress (0.

Current Film Coating Designs for Colon-Targeted Oral Delivery.

Colon-targeted oral delivery has recently attracted a substantial number of studies on both systemic and local treatments. Among approaches for colonic delivery, film coatings have been demonstrated as effective elements of the drug delivery systems because they can integrate multiple release strategies, such as pH-controlled release, time-controlled release and enzyme-triggered release. Moreover, coating layer modulations, natural film materials and nanoparticle coatings have been vigorously investigated with promising applications.

Film-Forming Nanogels: Effects of Nanocarriers and Film-Forming Gel on the Sustained Release of Curcumin.

Background: Although film-forming hydrogels possess the advantages of both film and hydrogel dosage forms, certain limitations still remain.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the use of film-forming hydrogels and the effects of nanocarriers on the sustained release of a poorly water-soluble drug, curcumin.

Methods: The film-forming hydrogels contained either zein or polyvinylpyrrolidone as a film former, in addition to hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, oleic acid, ethanol and water.