Clinical evaluation of different alveolar ridge preservation techniques after tooth extraction: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: The aim of the present randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the efficacy of different alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) techniques on dimensional alterations after tooth extraction, based on clinical measurements.

Background: Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is a common procedure in every day clinical practice, when dental implants are involved in treatment planning. In ARP procedures, a bone grafting material is combined with a socket sealing (SS) material in order to compensate the alveolar ridge dimensional alterations after tooth extraction.

Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Present and future.

For more than two decades the possible association between periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been extensively evaluated. Numerous observational, intervention, and mechanistic studies have offered valuable information on this topic. However, several methodologic limitations still remain a significant drawback for this set of investigations, and therefore safe conclusions are not always easy to draw.

Oral manifestations of eleven individuals with Noonan syndrome. A case series.

Aims: Noonan syndrome (NS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by distinctive facial features, short stature, and congenital heart defects. The oral manifestations have not been sufficiently described. In an attempt to enrich our understanding regarding the oral manifestations, the aim of the current study was to present the clinical, radiographic, and microbiological findings of eleven subjects with NS syndrome.

Association between periodontal disease and vulnerable plaque morphology in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory oral condition with potentially important systemic sequelae. We sought to determine whether the presence of PD in patients with severe carotid disease was associated with morphological features consistent with carotid plaque instability.

Methods: A total of 52 dentate patients hospitalized for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) had standardized assessments of their periodontal status, including measurements of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BoP).

Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Periodontal diseases are considered not only to affect tooth-supporting tissues but also to have a cause-and-effect relationship with various systemic diseases and conditions, such as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Mechanistic studies provide strong evidence that periodontal pathogens can translocate from infected periodontium to the feto-placental unit and initiate a metastatic infection. However, the extent and mechanisms by which metastatic inflammation and injury contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes still remain unclear.

Association of Vitamin D With Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review.

Purpose: To present a review of available literature on the association of vitamin D and periodontal disease.

Materials And Methods: A thorough search of articles was carried out on the databases PUBMED and MEDLINE regarding vitamin D and periodontal disease. The selected literature included cross-sectional, case-control and prospective and retrospective cohort studies.

Periodontal manifestations of systemic diseases and developmental and acquired conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 3 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions.

Background: A variety of systemic diseases and conditions can affect the course of periodontitis or have a negative impact on the periodontal attachment apparatus. Gingival recessions are highly prevalent and often associated with hypersensitivity, the development of caries and non-carious cervical lesions on the exposed root surface and impaired esthetics. Occlusal forces can result in injury of teeth and periodontal attachment apparatus.

Periodontal manifestations of systemic diseases and developmental and acquired conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 3 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions.

Background: A variety of systemic diseases and conditions can affect the course of periodontitis or have a negative impact on the periodontal attachment apparatus. Gingival recessions are highly prevalent and often associated with hypersensitivity, the development of caries and non-carious cervical lesions on the exposed root surface and impaired esthetics. Occlusal forces can result in injury of teeth and periodontal attachment apparatus.

A randomized controlled clinical trial on the effectiveness of three different mouthrinses (chlorhexidine with or without alcohol and C31G), adjunct to periodontal surgery, in early wound healing.

Objectives: The use of chlorhexidine (CHX) with or without alcohol has been recommended for a number of clinical applications. On the other hand, there is a plethora of widely subscribed antiseptics, such as agent C31G (alkyl dimethyl glycine/alkyl dimethyl amine oxide), which has not yet been evaluated postsurgically. The effectiveness of three different mouthrinses (CHX with and without alcohol, C31G) in plaque control and early wound healing was compared postoperatively.

An update of the evidence on the potential impact of periodontal therapy on diabetes outcomes.

Aim: To provide an update of the systematic review by Engebretson and Kocher J Clin Periodontol. 2013 Apr;40 Suppl 14:S153 on the effect of periodontal therapy on glycaemic control of people with diabetes.

Methods: PubMed Literature search restricted to meta-analyses published from 2013 to the present was conducted.

Changes of volatile sulphur compounds during therapy of a case series of patients with chronic periodontitis and halitosis.

Aim: To assess the effect of different stages of intervention on volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) of periodontitis patients with halitosis, before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Material & Methods: This clinical trial included 18 adults with chronic periodontitis and halitosis. After initial examination, patients received oral hygiene (OH) instructions and tongue cleaner.

The Association Between Periodontal Inflammation and Labor Triggers (Elevated Cytokine Levels) in Preterm Birth: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Periodontitis is considered to be a risk factor for preterm birth. Mechanisms have been proposed for this pathologic relation, but the exact pathologic pattern remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate levels of four major labor triggers, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum samples between women with preterm birth (PTB) and full-term birth (FTB) and correlate them with periodontal parameters.

Comparison of Bacterial Community Composition of Primary and Persistent Endodontic Infections Using Pyrosequencing.

Introduction: Elucidating the microbial ecology of endodontic infections (EIs) is a necessary step in developing effective intracanal antimicrobials. The aim of the present study was to investigate the bacterial composition of symptomatic and asymptomatic primary and persistent infections in a Greek population using high-throughput sequencing methods.

Methods: 16S amplicon pyrosequencing of 48 root canal bacterial samples was conducted, and sequencing data were analyzed using an oral microbiome-specific and a generic (Greengenes) database.

Oxytalan-positive peripheral ossifying fibromas express runt-related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and cementum attachment protein. An immunohistochemical study.

Background: The peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) represents one of the most common lesions of the periodontal tissues that may originate from the gingival soft tissues, the periosteum, or the periodontal ligament.

Aim: To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and cementum attachment protein (CAP) in oxytalan-positive POF, to establish the use of POF as an in vivo model for the study of the periodontal ligament.

Materials And Methods: Thirty tumors that presented clinical and histologic features of POF, as well as oxytalan fibers, were included in the study.

The multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) published by the journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) on the effect of periodontal therapy on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has fundamental problems.

Subject: Participants had type 2 diabetes, were on stable medication regimens, had HbA levels between 7% and <9%, retained at least 16 natural teeth, and had untreated chronic periodontitis. A total of 514 participants were enrolled between November 2009 and March 2012 from diabetes and dental clinics and communities affiliated with five participating academic medical centers. They were randomized with half ( = 257) allocated to a treatment group and the other half ( = 257) to a control group.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and periodontal disease: pathogenic mechanisms.

Aim: To evaluate the evidence on potential biological pathways underlying the possible association between periodontal disease (PD) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs).

Material & Methods: Human, experimental and in vitro studies were evaluated.

Results: Periodontal pathogens/byproducts may reach the placenta and spread to the foetal circulation and amniotic fluid.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and periodontal disease: pathogenic mechanisms.

Aim: To evaluate the evidence on potential biological pathways underlying the possible association between periodontal disease (PD) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs).

Material & Methods: Human, experimental and in vitro studies were evaluated.

Results: Periodontal pathogens/byproducts may reach the placenta and spread to the foetal circulation and amniotic fluid.

Periodontal disease is associated with higher levels of C-reactive protein in non-diabetic, non-smoking acute myocardial infarction patients.

Objectives: A link between periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular events has been proposed, but confounding by shared risk factors such as smoking and diabetes remains a concern. We examined the prevalence of PD and its contribution to C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and in subjects without AMI and with angiographically nonobstructive coronary disease in the absence of these confounding risk factors.

Methods: Periodontal status and admission CRP levels were evaluated in 87 non-diabetic and non-smoking subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on C-reactive protein, oxidative stress, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study.

Background: It is well accepted that glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is affected by systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. The effect of periodontal therapy on these systemic factors may be related to improvement on glycemic status. The aim of the present study is to assess over a period of 6 months the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), d-8-iso prostaglandin F2a (d-8-iso) as a marker of oxidative stress, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 on patients with type 2 DM.

Oral surgery during Byzantine times.

The Byzantine World covers the eleven-century period between 323-1453 AD and was characterized by a comprehensive system of medicine based on the fundamental principles of Ancient Greek medicine. Several clinical entities, such as epulis, parulis, constrictions of the tongue (short frenum), sublingual ranula, jaws fractures and disclocations, oral fistulae were well-known and treated during the Byzantine period with primarily surgical, but also non-surgical, interventions. Tooth extractions and operations on the uvula were also popular.

A randomized, controlled trial on the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Part I: effect on periodontal status and glycaemic control.

Aim: the purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on glycaemic control of type 2 diabetes patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: this was a randomized, controlled clinical trial of patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 60 patients with moderate-to-severe periodontal disease were assigned to either a periodontal treatment arm, consisting of scaling and root planing (intervention group [IG]), or a delayed treatment arm that received periodontal care after 6 months (control group [CG]).

Interleukin-1 as a genetic marker for periodontitis: review of the literature.

Periodontitis is considered to be a multifactorial disease. Studies have indicated that part of the clinical variability in periodontitis may be explained by genetic factors. Genes can affect the immunoinflammatory host response to bacterial challenge in the periodontal tissues by means of an overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1).

Outcomes of dental implants in osteoporotic patients. A literature review.

Purpose: This article reviews available data on the outcome of dental implants in osteoporotic patients.

Materials And Methods: A search was performed in PubMed and completed in July 2007. The keywords "dental AND implants AND osteoporosis," "dental AND implants AND age," "dental AND implants AND gender," and "dental AND implants AND bone AND quality," with no limitations for language or year of publication, resulted in 82, 598, 94, and 541 articles, respectively.

Relationship between interleukin-1 genotype and peri-implantitis: a literature review.

Endosseous implants present high survival rates within a 10-year observation time; however, implant failure and biologic complications are not completely avoidable. Although specific bacteria, dental plaque, and environmental factors are associated with peri-implant disease, there are currently no reliable predictors of peri-implantitis occurrence and severity. Disagreement about which clinical measures of peri-implant health are of diagnostic value continues because of the complexity of the disease process.

Low-grade inflammation in chronic infectious diseases: paradigm of periodontal infections.

Increasing evidence implicates periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting structures, as a potential risk factor for increased morbidity or mortality for several systemic conditions including cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke), pregnancy complications (spontaneous preterm birth [SPB]), and diabetes mellitus. Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies indicate that periodontitis may confer two- and up to sevenfold increase in the risk for cardiovascular disease and premature birth, respectively. Given the recently acquired knowledge that systemic inflammation may contribute in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and may predispose to premature birth, research in the field of periodontics has focused on the potential of this chronic low-grade inflammatory condition to contribute to the generation of a systemic inflammatory phenotype.