Estimates of treatment effects/differences derived from controlled comparisons are subject to uncertainty, both because of the quality of the data and the play of chance. Despite this, authors sometimes use statistical significance testing to make definitive statements that 'no difference exists between' treatments. A survey to assess abstracts of Cochrane reviews published in 2001/2002 identified unqualified claims of 'no difference' or 'no effect' in 259 (21.
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