"Men Take Care of Each Other": Evaluation of a Community-Based Model for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Services Among Male Bar Patrons in Rural South Africa.

Low engagement with HIV services persists among young men with harmful alcohol use in South Africa. We previously piloted a rural community-based HIV service delivery model to engage this key population. In the initial study, male nurses visited alcohol-serving venues to provide HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services.

The "Naturalistic Free Recall" dataset: four stories, hundreds of participants, and high-fidelity transcriptions.

The "Naturalistic Free Recall" dataset provides transcribed verbal recollections of four spoken narratives collected from 229 participants. Each participant listened to two stories, varying in duration from approximately 8 to 13 minutes, recorded by different speakers. Subsequently, participants were tasked with verbally recalling the narrative content in as much detail as possible and in the correct order.

Autoinhibition of dimeric NINJ1 prevents plasma membrane rupture.

Lytic cell death culminates in plasma membrane rupture, which releases large intracellular molecules to augment the inflammatory response. Plasma membrane rupture is mediated by the effector membrane protein ninjurin-1 (NINJ1), which polymerizes and ruptures the membrane via its hydrophilic face. How NINJ1 is restrained under steady-state conditions to ensure cell survival remains unknown.

Trait mindful awareness predicts inter-brain coupling but not individual brain responses during naturalistic face-to-face interactions.

In recent years, the possible benefits of mindfulness meditation have sparked much public and academic interest. Mindfulness emphasizes cultivating awareness of our immediate experience and has been associated with compassion, empathy, and various other prosocial traits. However, neurobiological evidence pertaining to the prosocial benefits of mindfulness in social settings is sparse.

Hybrid Harmony: A Multi-Person Neurofeedback Application for Interpersonal Synchrony.

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in studies measuring brain activity, physiological responses, and/or movement data from multiple individuals during social interaction. For example, so-called "hyperscanning" research has demonstrated that brain activity may become synchronized across people as a function of a range of factors. Such findings not only underscore the potential of hyperscanning techniques to capture meaningful aspects of naturalistic interactions, but also raise the possibility that hyperscanning can be leveraged as a tool to help improve such naturalistic interactions.

Developmental exposures to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) impact embryonic nutrition, pancreatic morphology, and adiposity in the zebrafish, Danio rerio.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent environmental contaminant previously found in consumer surfactants and industrial fire-fighting foams. PFOS has been widely implicated in metabolic dysfunction across the lifespan, including diabetes and obesity. However, the contributions of the embryonic environment to metabolic disease remain uncharacterized.

The sensory basis of schooling by intermittent swimming in the rummy-nose tetra ().

Schooling is a collective behaviour that enhances the ability of a fish to sense and respond to its environment. Although schooling is essential to the biology of a diversity of fishes, it is generally unclear how this behaviour is coordinated by different sensory modalities. We used experimental manipulation and kinematic measurements to test the role of vision and flow sensing in the rummy-nose tetra (), which swims with intermittent phases of bursts and coasts.

Genetic source completeness of HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) predicted by multi-label learning.

Motivation: Infection with strains of different subtypes and the subsequent crossover reading between the two strands of genomic RNAs by host cells' reverse transcriptase are the main causes of the vast HIV-1 sequence diversity. Such inter-subtype genomic recombinants can become circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) after widespread transmissions in a population. Complete prediction of all the subtype sources of a CRF strain is a complicated machine learning problem.

HyPyP: a Hyperscanning Python Pipeline for inter-brain connectivity analysis.

The bulk of social neuroscience takes a 'stimulus-brain' approach, typically comparing brain responses to different types of social stimuli, but most of the time in the absence of direct social interaction. Over the last two decades, a growing number of researchers have adopted a 'brain-to-brain' approach, exploring similarities between brain patterns across participants as a novel way to gain insight into the social brain. This methodological shift has facilitated the introduction of naturalistic social stimuli into the study design (e.

How To Stabilize ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) in an Animal Feeding Study?-Effects of the Temperature, Oxygen Level, and Antioxidant on Oxidative Stability of ω-3 PUFAs in a Mouse Diet.

Substantial studies have shown that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have various health-promoting effects; however, there are inconsistent results from animal studies that showed that ω-3 PUFAs have no effects or even detrimental effects. Emerging research suggests that oxidized ω-3 PUFAs have different effects compared to unoxidized ω-3 PUFAs; therefore, lipid oxidation of dietary ω-3 PUFAs could contribute to the mixed results of ω-3 PUFAs in animal studies. Here, we prepared an AIN-93G-based, semi-purified, powder diet, which is one of the most commonly used rodent diets in animal studies, to study the oxidative stability of fortified ω-3 PUFAs in animal feed.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) alters body fat and lean mass through sex-dependent metabolic mechanisms in .

There is increasing interest in the potential role of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in changing body composition to lower body fat with increased lean mass. In this study, we examined the sex-dependent effect of EGCG on body composition, locomotion, feeding behaviour, sugar levels, and transcription levels of key regulators in lipid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolisms in . EGCG had no effects on body weights in both females and males, but decreased fat accumulation in females compared to the control, accompanied by a reduction in food intake.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Regulates Body Composition and Locomotor Activity in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Drosophila melanogaster.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to be a bioactive food component. However, there is limited knowledge on the sex-dependent effects of CLA on energy metabolism. In the present study, Drosophila melanogaster was used to investigate the sex-dependent effects of CLA with respect to body fat, muscle, locomotion, and a key metabolic regulator, AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα).

Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria to Obesity, Exercise, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.

Mitochondria intricately modulate their energy production through the control of mitochondrial adaptation (mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and/or fission) to meet energy demands. Nutrient overload may result in dysregulated mitochondrial biogenesis, morphology toward mitochondrial fragmentation, and oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle. In addition, physical activity and diet components influence mitochondrial function.

Protein kinase Cη polymorphism and the susceptibility to ischemic stroke in the Taiwan population.

Background: Prior studies suggested that protein kinase Cη (PRKCH) 1425G/A polymorphism was associated with lacunar infarction. This study examined whether the association was independent of traditional risk factors in each of the stroke subtypes.

Methods: This study included 206 ischemic stroke patients and 337 controls.

Evolutionary and ontogenetic changes in RNA editing in human, chimpanzee, and macaque brains.

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) substitutions are the most common type of RNA editing in mammals. A-to-I RNA editing is particularly widespread in the brain and is known to play important roles in neuronal functions. In this study we investigated RNA-editing changes during human brain development and maturation, as well as evolutionary conservation of RNA-editing patterns across primates.

Widespread splicing changes in human brain development and aging.

While splicing differences between tissues, sexes and species are well documented, little is known about the extent and the nature of splicing changes that take place during human or mammalian development and aging. Here, using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, we have characterized splicing changes that take place during whole human lifespan in two brain regions: prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Identified changes were confirmed using independent human and rhesus macaque RNA-seq data sets, exon arrays and PCR, and were detected at the protein level using mass spectrometry.

Protein kinase Cη polymorphism and the susceptibilities to intracerebral hemorrhage in the Taiwan population.

Protein kinase Cη (PRKCH) 1425G/A polymorphism has been suggested to be a susceptible genetic locus of stroke by genome-wide polymorphism analysis with several replication reports in the Asian populations. While this association was found to exist in the stroke subtype of lacunar infarction especially, the susceptibility of this genetic variant to the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) subtypes is unknown to date. This study examined the associations of PRKCH 1425G/A with ICH as well as the stratification of ICH subtypes in the Taiwan population.

Interval-based distance function for identifying RNA structure candidates.

Many clustering approaches have been developed for biological data analysis, however, the application of traditional clustering algorithms for RNA structure data analysis is still a challenging issue. This arises from the existence of complex secondary structures while clustering. One of the most critical issues of cluster analysis is the development of appropriate distance measures in high dimensional space.

Association of TNF-alpha gene with spontaneous deep intracerebral hemorrhage in the Taiwan population: a case control study.

Background: Genetic factors may play a role in susceptibility to spontaneous deep intracerebral hemorrhage (SDICH). Previous studies have shown that TNF-alpha gene variation was associated with risks of subarachnoid hemorrhage in multiple ethnicities. The present case-control study tested the hypothesis that genetic variations of the TNF-alpha gene may affect the risk of Taiwanese SDICH.

Superiority of endovascular grafts compared to bare metal stents with transstent coil embolization for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients at high risk for surgery.

We sought to determine the effectiveness of uncovered stents with aneurysm transstent coil embolization compared with endografts for percutaneous abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Thirty-six patients with AAA considered inoperable underwent endovascular repair using the Ancure bifurcated endograft or overlapping uncovered stents with transstent coil embolization. Procedural success, outcomes, serial aneurysm size, aneurysm blood flow, and growth ratios were compared between groups.