State-level actions targeting unethical substance use disorder treatment practices: A qualitative study.

Introduction: There has been increasing recognition of unethical practices occurring in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, such as patient brokering and deceptive marketing. We conducted a qualitative study with key informants to characterize state actions that have been undertaken to target unethical practices and the context surrounding state-level actions, including barriers and facilitators to their implementation.

Methods: We recruited key informants at the state-level, as well as those from national organizations engaged in improving SUD treatment quality, who could provide perspectives on the scope of unethical practices in the field and ways in which states have sought to prevent unethical practices and improve the quality of SUD treatment.

Biomedical researchers' perspectives on the reproducibility of research.

We conducted an international cross-sectional survey of biomedical researchers' perspectives on the reproducibility of research. This study builds on a widely cited 2016 survey on reproducibility and provides a biomedical-specific and contemporary perspective on reproducibility. To sample the community, we randomly selected 400 journals indexed in MEDLINE, from which we extracted the author names and emails from all articles published between October 1, 2020 and October 1, 2021.

Dengue fever in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Given the complex role of immunity in dengue severity, we aimed to review the clinical course of dengue infection in immunocompromised patients.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting outcomes among immunocompromised patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue infection. Meta-analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method (fixed effects) was performed for studies with control groups.

State Policies Targeting Patient Brokering and Deceptive Marketing of Substance Use Disorder Treatment.

Objectives: To characterize state laws targeting patient brokering and deceptive marketing of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment.

Background: Patient brokering and deceptive marketing of SUD treatment leads to poor outcomes for individuals with SUD, including relapse- or overdose-related hospitalizations, ED visits, or death. In response, several states within the United States have passed laws targeting unethical practices of SUD treatment in recent years.

The effects of proton pump inhibitors during pregnancy on treatment of preeclampsia and related outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review evaluated the available evidence on the effects of proton pump inhibitors during pregnancy on preeclampsia and related maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.

Data Sources: Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Global Medicus Index) were searched on November 17, 2023.

Study Eligibility Criteria: Randomized controlled trials of pregnant women who used any class or dose of proton pump inhibitor were eligible.

Impact of Nurse Residency Program on Time-to-Fill Nurse Vacancies at the Veterans Health Administration.

Background: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) offers a 1-year Post-Baccalaureate-Registered Nurse Residency (PB-RNR) Program. The impact of the PB-RNR program on local RN recruitment was unknown.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of the size of the PB-RNR program at a VA facility on its time-to-fill RN vacancies.

Development of a search filter to retrieve reports of interrupted time series studies from MEDLINE and PubMed.

Background: Interrupted time series (ITS) studies contribute importantly to systematic reviews of population-level interventions. We aimed to develop and validate search filters to retrieve ITS studies in MEDLINE and PubMed.

Methods: A total of 1017 known ITS studies (published 2013-2017) were analysed using text mining to generate candidate terms.

The effects of probiotics administration during pregnancy on preeclampsia and associated maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence on probiotic administration during pregnancy for the prevention of preeclampsia and its effects on related maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes.

Data Sources: Six databases were systematically searched for eligible studies, namely Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Global Index Medicus, and the Maternity and Infant Care Database, from inception to August 2, 2023.

Study Eligibility Criteria: Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of probiotic administration on women during any stage of pregnancy were eligible for inclusion.

Effectiveness of care bundles for prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review.

Objective: Care bundles are a promising approach to reducing postpartum hemorrhage-related morbidity and mortality. We assessed the effectiveness and safety of care bundles for postpartum hemorrhage prevention and/or treatment.

Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Maternity and Infant Care Database, and Global Index Medicus (inception to June 9, 2023) and ClinicalTrials.

Variation observed in consensus judgments between pairs of reviewers when assessing the risk of bias due to missing evidence in a sample of published meta-analyses of nutrition research.

Objectives: To evaluate the risk of bias due to missing evidence in a sample of published meta-analyses of nutrition research using the Risk Of Bias due to Missing Evidence (ROB-ME) tool and determine inter-rater agreement in assessments.

Study Design And Setting: We assembled a random sample of 42 meta-analyses of nutrition research. Eight assessors were randomly assigned to one of four pairs.

Self-collection of samples for group B streptococcus testing during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sample self-collection for reproductive tract infection diagnosis has been found to offer greater convenience, privacy, autonomy, and expanded access to testing in non-pregnant adults. This review aimed to determine whether sample self-collection is as accurate as provider-collection for detection of group B streptococcus colonisation in pregnancy and whether a strategy of self-collection compared to provider-collection might improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Methods: We searched CINAHL Plus, Medline, EMBASE, Maternity and Infant Care Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in June 2022.

Moisture stress limits radial mixing of non-structural carbohydrates in sapwood of trembling aspen.

Dynamics in non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pools may underlie observed drought legacies in tree growth. We assessed how aridity influences the dynamics of different-aged NSC pools in tree sapwood at two sites with differing climate conditions ('wet' vs. 'dry') that also experienced widespread regional drought five years earlier.

Are COVID-19 systematic reviews up to date and can we tell? A cross-sectional study.

Background: COVID-19 led to a rapid acceleration in the number of systematic reviews. Readers need to know how up to date evidence is when selecting reviews to inform decisions. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate how easily the currency of COVID-19 systematic reviews published early in the pandemic could be determined and how up to date these reviews were at the time of publication.

Self-care interventions for preconception, antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care: a scoping review.

Objective: To identify current and emerging self-care interventions to improve maternity healthcare.

Design: Scoping review.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, EmCare, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL/CDSR, CINAHL Plus (last searched on 17 October 2021).

Effect of nature prescriptions on cardiometabolic and mental health, and physical activity: a systematic review.

Nature prescriptions are gaining popularity as a form of social prescribing in support of sustainable health care. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of nature prescriptions and determine the factors important for their success. We searched five databases from inception up to July 25, 2021.

Changing patterns in reporting and sharing of review data in systematic reviews with meta-analysis of the effects of interventions: cross sectional meta-research study.

Objectives: To examine changes in completeness of reporting and frequency of sharing data, analytical code, and other review materials in systematic reviews over time; and factors associated with these changes.

Design: Cross sectional meta-research study.

Population: Random sample of 300 systematic reviews with meta-analysis of aggregate data on the effects of a health, social, behavioural, or educational intervention.

Impact of searching clinical trials registers in systematic reviews of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions: Reanalysis of meta-analyses.

Systematic reviewers are advised to search trials registers to minimise risk of reporting biases. However, there has been little research on the impact of searching trials registers on the results of meta-analyses. We aimed to evaluate the impact of searching clinical trials registers for systematic reviews of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions.

Data and code availability statements in systematic reviews of interventions were often missing or inaccurate: a content analysis.

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of data and code availability statements in a random sample of systematic reviews with meta-analysis of aggregate data, summarize the content of the statements and investigate how often data and code files were shared.

Methods: We searched for systematic reviews with meta-analysis of aggregate data on the effects of a health, social, behavioral, or educational intervention that were indexed in PubMed, Education Collection via ProQuest, Scopus via Elsevier, or Social Sciences Citation Index and Science Citation Index Expanded via Web of Science during a 4-week period (between November 2, and December 2, 2020). Records were randomly sorted and screened independently by two authors until our target sample of 300 systematic reviews was reached.

Green Space Quality and Health: A Systematic Review.

(1) Background: As cities densify, researcher and policy focus is intensifying on which green space types and qualities are important for health. We conducted a systematic review to examine whether particular green space types and qualities have been shown to provide health benefits and if so, which specific types and qualities, and which health outcomes. (2) Methods: We searched five databases from inception up to June 30, 2021.

Green Space and Health in Mainland China: A Systematic Review.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major cause of premature mortality and disabilities in China due to factors concomitant with rapid economic growth and urbanisation over three decades. Promoting green space might be a valuable strategy to help improve population health in China, as well as a range of co-benefits (e.g.

Temperature memory and non-structural carbohydrates mediate legacies of a hot drought in trees across the southwestern USA.

Trees are long-lived organisms that integrate climate conditions across years or decades to produce secondary growth. This integration process is sometimes referred to as 'climatic memory.' While widely perceived, the physiological processes underlying this temporal integration, such as the storage and remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), are rarely explicitly studied.

Mask use, risk-mitigation behaviours and pandemic fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic in five cities in Australia, the UK and USA: A cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: To determine patterns of mask wearing and other infection prevention behaviours, over two time periods of the COVID-19 pandemic, in cities where mask wearing was not a cultural norm.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of masks and other preventive behaviours in adults aged ≥18 years was conducted in five cities: Sydney and Melbourne, Australia; London, UK; and Phoenix and New York, USA. Data were analysed according to the epidemiology of COVID-19, mask mandates and a range of predictors of mask wearing.