Plant-Based Diet and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from a Thai Health-Promoting Hospital.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with diet. While consumption of plant-based foods may reduce blood sugar levels, the impact of consuming plant-based foods on fasting blood sugar levels has not been well defined. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Health-Promoting Hospital in Pak Phun Municipality, Thailand.

Estimation of the Cadmium Nephrotoxicity Threshold from Loss of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria.

Cadmium (Cd) is a pervasive, toxic environmental pollutant that preferentially accumulates in the tubular epithelium of the kidney. Current evidence suggests that the cumulative burden of Cd here leads to the progressive loss of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In this study, we have quantified changes in estimated GFR (eGFR) and albumin excretion (E) according to the levels of blood Cd ([Cd]) and excretion of Cd (E) after adjustment for confounders.

Effect of Green and Red Thai Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) on pancreatic digestive enzymes (alpha-glucosidase and lipase) and acetyl-carboxylase 1 activity: A possible therapeutic target for obesity prevention.

Regular use of Thai kratom has been linked to reduced blood triglyceride levels and body mass index (BMI) in healthy individuals. We analyzed Green Thai Kratom (GTK) and Red Thai Kratom (RTK) to investigate their effects on pancreatic digestive enzymes. The ethanol extracts of GTK and RTK inhibited lipase activity more strongly than alpha-glucosidase activity, suggesting the presence of lipase inhibitors.

Negative impact of smoking on lung function: comparing FEV1/FVC values in smokers and non-smokers.

Background: Cigarette smoking has been reported as the significant adverse effects on lung function, which can be evaluated by measuring forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC) values.

Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among college students and their stress levels to inform targeted interventions for smoking prevention and cessation.

Material And Methods: A total of 429 participants were interviewed face-to-face, of which 71.

Enhancing the Effective Chemotherapy: The Combined Inhibition of Rhinacanthin-C, 5-Fluorouracil, and Etoposide on Oral Cancer Cells.

Objective: To investigate the effects of rhinacanthin-C (Rh-C), 5-FU, and etoposide on growth inhibition, as well as the effects of a combination of these inhibitors on the oral cell lines SCC9 and HSC4.

Methods: Cancer cell growth inhibition and inhibition combination were determined using the SRB assay. Cell viability and early apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry on cells stained with Annexin 5 and PI.

Gender Differences in the Severity of Cadmium Nephropathy.

The excretion of β-microglobulin (βM) above 300 µg/g creatinine, termed tubulopathy, was regarded as the critical effect of chronic exposure to the metal pollutant cadmium (Cd). However, current evidence suggests that Cd may induce nephron atrophy, resulting in a reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m.

Evidence Linking Cadmium Exposure and β-Microglobulin to Increased Risk of Hypertension in Diabetes Type 2.

The most common causes of chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension are significant public health issues worldwide. Exposure to the heavy metal pollutant, cadmium (Cd), which is particularly damaging to the kidney, has been associated with both risk factors. Increased levels of urinary β-microglobulin (βM) have been used to signify Cd-induced kidney damage and circulating levels have been linked to blood pressure control.

Induction of S arrest and apoptosis in human oral cancer cells by Rhinacanthin-C extracted from Rhinacanthus nasutus via modulating Akt and p38 signaling pathways.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The search for effective herbal medicines for complementary treatments is on the rise due to the high incidence of recurrence and mortality rate in human oral cancer. Rhinacanthus nasutus KURZ., an annual herb found mostly in Southeast Asia including Thailand, has been wildly used as a traditional folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases including cancer.

Chronic Kidney Disease Induced by Cadmium and Diabetes: A Quantitative Case-Control Study.

Kidney disease associated with chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure is primarily due to proximal tubule cell damage. This results in a sustained decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular proteinuria. Similarly, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is marked by albuminuria and a declining GFR and both may eventually lead to kidney failure.

Cadmium-Induced Tubular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

The global prevalence of diabetes, and its major complication, diabetic nephropathy, have reached epidemic proportions. The toxic metal cadmium (Cd) also induces nephropathy, indicated by a sustained reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the excretion of β-microglobulin (βM) above 300 µg/day, which reflects kidney tubular dysfunction. However, little is known about the nephrotoxicity of Cd in the diabetic population.

The construction and validation of a lead exposure screening tool for pregnant women in Thailand (ThaiL8Is).

Objectives: To construct, validate, and implement a new screening tool for lead exposure in Thai pregnant women.

Methods: A cross-sectional study that included three processes: screening tool development, validation, and implementation. The participants were pregnant women who had received antenatal care at district health promotion hospitals.

Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption during Covid-19 pandemic among office workers in semi-urban area in southern Thailand: a cross-sectional study.

Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, office worker has spent more than 6-8 hours per day sitting for online working following social distancing policy. Considering the popularity of online ordering and home delivery services, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption have increased. However, the link between the types SSB consumption and their BMI was less well documented.

Blood Lead Levels among Non-Occupationally Exposed Pregnant Women in Southern Thailand.

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that is toxic to humans, especially children and pregnant women. In Thailand, guidelines exist to minimize lead exposure in pregnant women working in lead-related occupations. However, no guidelines exist for pregnant women who are not employed in these economic sectors.

Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase Properties of (Korth.) Havil. (Kratom) Leaves.

Kratom ( (Korth.) Havil.) has been used to reduce blood sugar and lipid profiles in traditional medicine, and mitragynine is a major constituent in kratom leaves.

Effects of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium and Lead on the Risks of Diabetes and Kidney Dysfunction.

Environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) or lead (Pb) is independently associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of concurrent exposure to these toxic metals on the risks of diabetes and kidney functional impairment. The Cd and Pb exposure levels among study subjects were low to moderate, evident from the means for blood concentrations of Cd and Pb ([Cd] and [Pb]) of 0.

Enhancing Toxicology Achievement by the VARK and the GRSLSS-mixed Models in Team-Based Learning.

Toxicology is needed to implement in the occupational health and safety (OHS) curriculum. Teaching toxicology is very challenging as its multidisciplinary science. Keeping students engaged in learning is a difficult issue when introducing solely theoretical framework.

Structure-activity relationship and inhibition of human cytochrome CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 by flavonoids.

Cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors of various diseases including respiratory diseases and lung cancer. While the liver-specific CYP2A6 is associated with the nicotine clearance and smoking addiction, the metabolic activation of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine by lung-specific CYP2A13 can lead to lung tumorigenesis.It has been reported that inhibition of CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 enzymes by flavonoids constituents could be an aids in smoking cessation.

Anti-proliferative effect of 8α-tigloyloxyhirsutinolide-13-O-acetate (8αTGH) isolated from Vernonia cinerea on oral squamous cell carcinoma through inhibition of STAT3 and STAT2 phosphorylation.

Background: The high mortality rate of oral cancers has stimulated the search for effective herbal medicines and their pharmacological targets. Vernonia cinerea, a perennial tropical herb, is wildly used as a traditional folk medicine for treatment of intestinal diseases and various skin diseases in addition to possessing anti-cancer activity. However, the effect of 8α-tigloyloxyhirsutinolide-13-O-acetate (8αTGH) as a major sesquiterpene lactone compound found in V.

Effects of Vernonia cinerea Compounds on Drug-metabolizing Cytochrome P450s in Human Liver Microsomes.

Vernonia cinerea has been widely used in traditional medicines for various diseases and shown to aid in smoking abstinence and has anticancer properties. V. cinerea bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and hirsutinolide-type sesquiterpene lactones, have shown an inhibition effect on the nicotine-metabolizing cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) enzyme and hirsutinolides reported suppressing cancer growth.

Inhibition of human cytochromes P450 2A6 and 2A13 by flavonoids, acetylenic thiophenes and sesquiterpene lactones from Pluchea indica and Vernonia cinerea.

The human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 and the respiratory CYP2A13 enzymes play role in nicotine metabolism and activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogens. Inhibition of both enzymes could offer a strategy for smoking abstinence and decreased risks of respiratory diseases and lung cancer. In this study, activity-guided isolation identified four flavonoids 1-4 (apigenin, luteolin, chrysoeriol, quercetin) from Vernonia cinerea and Pluchea indica, four hirsutinolide-type sesquiterpene lactones 5-8 from V.

Synergy between rhinacanthins from Rhinacanthus nasutus in inhibition against mosquito cytochrome P450 enzymes.

The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play a major role in insecticide detoxification and become a target for development of insecticide synergists. In this study, a collection of rhinacanthins (rhinacanthin-D, -E, -G, -N, -Q, and -H/I) purified from Rhinacanthus nasutus, in addition to previously purified rhinacanthin-B and -C, were isolated. These compounds displayed various degrees of inhibition against benzyloxyresorufin-O-debenzylation mediated by CYP6AA3 and CYP6P7 which were implicated in pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles minimus malaria vector.

Inhibition effects of Vernonia cinerea active compounds against cytochrome P450 2A6 and human monoamine oxidases, possible targets for reduction of tobacco dependence.

The human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B), catalyzing nicotine and dopamine metabolisms, respectively, are two therapeutic targets of nicotine dependence. Vernonia cinerea, a medicinal plant commonly used for treatment of diseases such as asthma and bronchitis, has been shown reducing tobacco dependence effect among tobacco users. In the present study, we found eight active compounds isolated from V.

Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 2A6 and 2A13 by Rhinacanthus nasutus constituents.

  Human cytochrome P450 CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 catalyze nicotine metabolisms and mediate activation of tobacco-specific carcinogens including 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). In this study, we found rhinacanthins A, B, and C isolated from Rhinacanthus nasutus potentially inhibited coumarin 7-hydroxylation mediated by reconstituted purified recombinant CYP2A6 and CYP2A13. Rhinacanthins A-C are mechanism-based inactivators of CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 as they cause concentration, time and NADPH-dependent inhibition.