Environmental Health Attitudes, Practices, and Educational Preferences: A National Survey of Reproductive-Aged Women in Canada.

Prenatal exposures to environmental toxicants can adversely affect fetal and child development and lead to increased risk of chronic disease. While regulatory action is essential to reduce sources of environmental toxicants, prenatal care presents an opportunity to educate, mobilize, and support prospective parents to reduce exposures to such hazards. As the first phase of an interdisciplinary research collaboration to inform the development of prenatal environmental health education strategy in Canada, we surveyed reproductive-aged female individuals.

Carbapenem-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales in Children, United States, 2016-2020.

2019–2020 at 6 US sites. Among 159 CRE cases in children (median age 5 years), CRE was isolated from urine for 131 (82.4%) and blood from 20 (12.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii complex in the United States-An epidemiological and molecular description of isolates collected through the Emerging Infections Program, 2019.

Background: Understanding the epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii complex (CRAB) and the patients impacted is an important step toward informing better infection prevention and control practices and improving public health response.

Methods: Active, population-based surveillance was conducted for CRAB in 9 U.

'It doesn't happen any other way': relationship-building and reflexivity for equity-focused intersectoral practice (EquIP).

Intersectoral processes that bring together public institutions, civil society organizations and affected community members are essential to tackling complex health equity challenges. While conventional wisdom points to the importance of human relationships in fostering collaboration, there is a lack of practical guidance on how to do intersectoral work in ways that support authentic relationship-building and mitigate power differentials among people with diverse experiences and roles. This article presents the results of RentSafe EquIP, a community-based participatory research initiative conducted in Owen Sound, Canada, in the midst of a housing crisis.

Adverse health outcomes among people who inject drugs who engaged in recent sex work: findings from a national survey.

Objectives: This study explores trends in sex work among people who inject drugs (PWID) by gender and the relationship between sex work and adverse health outcomes including overdose, injection-site, and blood-borne virus (BBV) infections.

Study Design: The Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Survey of PWID is an annual cross-sectional survey that monitors BBV prevalence and behaviours, including transactional sex, among PWID recruited through specialist services in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Methods: Trends in sex work among PWID (2011-2021) were described.

Residential social vulnerability among healthcare personnel with and without severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Five US states, May-December 2020.

Objective: To characterize residential social vulnerability among healthcare personnel (HCP) and evaluate its association with severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: This study analyzed data collected in May-December 2020 through sentinel and population-based surveillance in healthcare facilities in Colorado, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, and Oregon.

Intermolecular Hydroalkoxylation and Hydrocarboxylation of 2-Azadienes with High Efficiency.

Described here is a method for intermolecular hydroalkoxylation and hydrocarboxylation of 2-azadienes through cobalt-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer and oxidation. This protocol provides a source of 2-azaallyl cation equivalents under mild conditions, is chemoselective in the presence of other C═C double bonds, and requires no excess amount of added alcohol or oxidant. Mechanistic studies suggest that the selectivity arises from lowering the transition state that leads to the highly stabilized 2-azaallyl radical.

Low Sensitivity of Coding for Culture-Confirmed Candidemia Cases in an Active Surveillance System: United States, 2019-2020.

We evaluated healthcare facility use of (ICD-10) codes for culture-confirmed candidemia cases detected by active public health surveillance during 2019-2020. Most cases (56%) did not receive a candidiasis code, suggesting that studies relying on ICD-10 codes likely underestimate disease burden.

Comparison of the Risk of Recurrent Infections Among Patients in 2018 Versus 2013.

Among persons with an initial infection (CDI) across 10 US sites in 2018 compared with 2013, 18.3% versus 21.1% had ≥1 recurrent CDI (rCDI) within 180 days.

Investigating the sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with hepatitis C virus testing amongst people who inject drugs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: A quantitative cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in the UK is driven by injecting drug use. We explore HCV testing uptake amongst people who inject drugs (PWID) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and identify factors associated with i) ever having an HCV test amongst people who have ever injected drugs, and ii) recently having an HCV test (within the current or previous year) amongst people who currently inject drugs (reported injecting drugs within the last year).

Methods: We analysed data from the 2019 'Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Survey' of PWID, using logistic regression.

The effect of levocarnitine supplementation on dialysis-related hypotension: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.

Background: Dialysis patients have been shown to have low serum carnitine due to poor nutrition, deprivation of endogenous synthesis from kidneys, and removal by hemodialysis. Carnitine deficiency leads to impaired cardiac function and dialysis-related hypotension which are associated with increased mortality. Supplementing with levocarnitine among hemodialysis patients may diminish incidence of intradialytic hypotension.

Development and Validation of the Prevention of Toxic Chemicals in the Environment for Children Tool: A Questionnaire for Examining the Community's Knowledge of and Preferences Toward Toxic Chemicals and Children's Brain Development.

Early-life exposures to toxic chemicals can adversely impact brain development. Understanding people's knowledge of the impact of toxic chemicals on brain development is critical to reduce widespread exposure to chemicals. Yet it is unknown what people know about risks of toxic chemicals and how to reduce exposures.

The characteristics of people who inject drugs in the United Kingdom: changes in age, duration, and incidence of injecting, 1980-2019, using evidence from repeated cross-sectional surveys.

Background And Aims: Mortality and drug treatment data suggest that the median age of people who inject drugs is increasing. We aimed to describe changes in the characteristics of people injecting drugs in the United Kingdom (UK).

Design: Repeat cross-sectional surveys and modelling.

Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Collected in the United States.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are a growing public health concern due to resistance to multiple antibiotics and potential to cause health care-associated infections with high mortality. Carbapenemase-producing CRE are of particular concern given that carbapenemase-encoding genes often are located on mobile genetic elements that may spread between different organisms and species. In this study, we performed phenotypic and genotypic characterization of CRE collected at eight U.

The association between olfactory and gustatory dysfunction and chronic kidney disease.

Background: Olfactory and gustatory changes may contribute to poor appetite and food aversion in chronic kidney disease (CKD), though the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction is not known in the CKD population.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 3527 US adults aged ≥40 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2013 and 2014. We measured the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction among patients with CKD defined as eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.

Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among US Healthcare Personnel, May-December 2020.

To determine risk factors for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among US healthcare personnel (HCP), we conducted a case-control analysis. We collected data about activities outside the workplace and COVID-19 patient care activities from HCP with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test results (cases) and from HCP with negative test results (controls) in healthcare facilities in 5 US states. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate adjusted matched odds ratios and 95% CIs for exposures.