Farmworker Mobility and COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies: Yuma County, Arizona, 2021.

Farmworkers, a group of essential workers, experience a disproportionately high burden of COVID-19 due to their living and working conditions. This project characterized farmworker mobility in and around Yuma County, Arizona, to identify opportunities to improve farmworker access to COVID-19 vaccination. We collected qualitative and geospatial data through a series of in-person and virtual focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and intercept interviews with participatory mapping.

US-Mexico binational COVID-19 cases in southern California border counties, California, February-June 2020.

Background: COVID-19 has had a significant public health impact on both the United States and Mexico. Cross-border mobility between southern California and Mexico raises questions of transmission trends between these jurisdictions. The objective of this project was to describe binational cases amongst California US-Mexico border county COVID-19 cases and compare incidence trends to cross-border Mexico jurisdictions.

Understanding knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to influenza and the influenza vaccine in US-Mexico border communities.

Hispanics are less likely to receive the influenza vaccine compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the US. Hispanic residents of the US-Mexico border region may have differing health beliefs and behaviors, and their cross-border mobility impacts disease control. To assess beliefs and behaviors regarding influenza prevention and control among border populations, surveys were conducted at border clinics.

Acute viral hepatitis in the United States-Mexico border region: data from the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance (BIDS) Project, 2000-2009.

Little is known about the characteristics of acute viral hepatitis cases in the United States (US)-Mexico border region. We analyzed characteristics of acute viral hepatitis cases collected from the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance Project from January 2000-December 2009. Over the study period, 1,437 acute hepatitis A, 311 acute hepatitis B, and 362 acute hepatitis C cases were reported from 5 Mexico and 2 US sites.

Influenza-like illness surveillance on the California-Mexico border, 2004-2009.

Background: Since 2004, the Naval Health Research Center, with San Diego and Imperial counties, has collaborated with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct respiratory disease surveillance in the US-Mexico border region. In 2007, the Secretariat of Health, Mexico and the Institute of Public Health of Baja California joined the collaboration.

Objectives: The identification of circulating respiratory pathogens in respiratory specimens from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI).

Long-term survival and serious cardiovascular events in HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.

There is continuing interest in the longer term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the risk of cardiopulmonary events. We assessed this using updated administrative data from an open retrospective cohort of HIV-infected persons receiving care from the US Veterans Affairs (VA). Information on 41,213 HIV-infected patients receiving VA care between January 1993 and December 2003 was included.

Structure-function analysis of photosystem II subunit S (PsbS) in vivo.

In land plants, photosystem II subunit S (PsbS) plays a key role in xanthophyll- and pH-dependent non-photochemical quenching (qE) of excess absorbed light energy. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

The use of a novel taxane-based P-glycoprotein inhibitor to identify mutations that alter the interaction of the protein with paclitaxel.

Murine thymoma cell lines expressing mutated forms of the mdr1b P-glycoprotein were isolated using a novel taxane-based P-glycoprotein inhibitor tRA-96023 (SB-RA-31012). The selection strategy required resistance to a combination of tRA-96023 and colchicine. Five mutations were identified (N350I, I862F, L865F, L868W, and A933T) that reduce the capacity of tRA-96023 to inhibit P-glycoprotein-dependent drug resistance.

Nucleolar protein p120 contains an arginine-rich domain that binds to ribosomal RNA.

Human proliferation-associated protein p120 has previously been shown to localize to the nucleolus, and several functional domains of p120 have been elucidated. By using a nitrocellulose filter binding assay and a Northwestern blotting procedure this study shows that recombinant p120 binds to an rRNA fragment in vitro with a dissociation constant of 4 nM. The specific RNA-binding region of p120 (residues 1-57) was identified with glutathione S-transferase-fused p120 deletion constructs and Northwestern blotting procedures.

Fetal ultrasonography: normal biometric ranges in the baboon (Papio hamadryas).

Normal biometric ranges for fetal growth in a captive breeding baboon (Papio hamadryas) colony are described. Measurements include crownrump length, biparietal diameter, binocular distance, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length and amniotic fluid index. The pattern of fetal growth is compared with other baboon subspecies and man.

A baboon (Papio hamadryas) model of insulin-dependent diabetes.

Over a period of four years, streptozocin has been used to induce diabetes in 10 baboons, all of whom are insulin dependent. We describe our experience with their husbandry, induction of diabetes, insulin therapy, metabolic control and growth rate. Streptozocin dosage of 60 mg/kg readily induces hyperglycemia with minimal hepatic or renal toxicity.

Brainstem auditory evoked response development in preterm and term baboons (Papio hamadryas).

Brainstem auditory evoked responses were recorded longitudinally from 11 neonatal baboons (Papio hamadryas), 6 of which were preterm. Recordings were made in unsedated animals from day 161 to day 362 after conception (term = 182 days). The pattern of development of both waveform morphology and of wave latency was consistent with that seen in the human neonate, with a rapid maturation of the response during the perinatal period, and then a slower development to adult values.

Fetotoxicity of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in primate pregnancy: a prospective, placebo-controlled study in baboons (Papio hamadryas).

Objectives: Serious concerns have been raised about angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in pregnancy. The central question remains: does toxicity of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition pertain to pregnant humans?

Study Design: A prospective, placebo-controlled study was performed to investigate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on pregnancy outcome in the baboon. Subjects (N = 12) received active and placebo treatments sequentially in a crossover protocol.

Haemodynamic actions of a nitric oxide (EDRF) synthesis inhibitor in conscious baboons (Papio hamadryas).

1. The haemodynamic effects of intravenous nitric oxide inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (NOLA), were examined in four conscious non-restrained baboons (Papio hamadryas). Mean arterial pressure, (MAP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and cardiac output (CO) were measured at timed intervals up to 24 h after a bolus injection of NOLA.

Helminthic infestation complicated by intussusception in baboons (Papio hamadryas).

Two juvenile baboons presented with diarrhoea, which did not resolve completely following antibiotic therapy. Ileal intussusception was identified at autopsy in both cases. Trichuris was the only gastrointestinal pathogen for which evidence could be found.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone in baboon pregnancy.

During human pregnancy, plasma CRH immunoreactivity (CRH-IR) rises progressively, peaking during labor and falling after delivery. Among animal species, only higher primates have elevated CRH-IR during pregnancy. This study examines whether changes in plasma CRH-IR in the baboon (Papio hamadryas) are similar to those in the human.

Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation in L-valine reduced selective media.

A selective cell culture medium, D-valine minimal essential medium (92 mg/l), has been developed to inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts in cell culture (Gilbert & Migeon 1975). Substitution of D-valine for L-valine prevents fibroblast growth due to the absence of D-amino acid oxidase in these cells. Most cell cultures require foetal bovine serum as an essential component of the culture media, however foetal bovine serum contains L-valine, negating the value of D-valine selective media.

Preclinical evaluation of 99m technetium-labeled DD-3B6/22 Fab' for thrombus detection.

Injection of 99mTc-labeled Fab' fragments of the anti-fibrin antibody DD-3B6/22, in the baboon, resulted in clear visualisation of both fresh and aged autologous thrombi by gamma scintigraphy. Whole body scintigraphy, pharmacokinetics and urine analysis showed rapid renal excretion of the conjugate with little accumulation of label in other organs. 99mTc-DD-3B6/22 Fab' appears a suitable candidate for further investigation as a radioimaging agent for thrombi in humans.

Early blood pressure control improves pregnancy outcome in primigravid women with mild hypertension.

Objective And Design: The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment of mild to moderate hypertension (less than 170/110 mmHg) in pregnancy in a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial.

Setting And Patients: Pregnancy outcome was studied for 52 primigravid women, managed in hospital from early in the third trimester.

Interventions: Patients were randomly allocated either to placebo or to active treatment (clonidine plus hydralazine).

Highly vectorial secretion of inhibin by primate Sertoli cells in vitro.

Having recently demonstrated highly vectorial and FSH-stimulated inhibin secretion by immature rat Sertoli cells in vitro, we wished to determine if vectorial secretion of inhibin was also characteristic of primate Sertoli cells. By adapting techniques for isolation of Sertoli cells from testes of the immature rat and cynomolgus monkey. Sertoli cells were isolated from immature baboon testes.

Hemodynamics of conscious unrestrained baboons, including cardiac output.

A method is described for comprehensive hemodynamic study of undisturbed baboons (Papio hamadryas) that incorporates cardiac output measurement by thermodilution. Instrumentation includes arterial, aortic, and central venous catheterization by a surgical technique that does not require entry to peritoneal or thoracic cavities. It provides a means for right atrial indicator delivery with aortic temperature recording of thermodilution curves.

Gastric haemorrhage and perforation caused by a trichobezoar in a baboon (Papio hamadryas).

A captive-bred male baboon presented with severe evidence of blood loss and melaena. An upper gastrointestinal radiological study with Gastrografin showed a large trichobezoar. Laparotomy confirmed its presence and revealed gastric ulceration with perforation and generalized peritonitis.

Effect of angiotensin II on baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate in conscious baboons.

Studies of the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex were performed in four conscious, unrestrained male baboons to determine whether changes in circulating angiotensin II within the physiological range are associated with alterations in baroreceptor reflex sensitivity. With the animals on a high sodium intake, studies were performed before and during graded angiotensin II infusion (10 and 20 ng/kg/min). To separate effects on baroreceptor reflex function mediated by angiotensin II-induced increases in arterial pressure, these studies were repeated on a different day with simultaneous glyceryl trinitrate infusion to prevent increases in pressure during angiotensin II infusion.

Group housing of hamadryas baboons: a new cage design based upon field studies of social organization.

The hamadryas subspecies, which is utilized extensively for laboratory research, has a social structure unique among baboons. Field studies have shown that small one male units are the basic grouping in a complex multi-level social system. A housing design for a research colony of hamadryas baboons was conceived to reflect this unique social organization and related behavioral patterns.

Circulatory adaptation to pregnancy--serial studies of haemodynamics, blood volume, renin and aldosterone in the baboon (Papio hamadryas).

To test the hypothesis that haemodynamic changes in pregnancy precede any significant increase in circulating blood volume, serial haemodynamic studies were performed in eight baboon pregnancies using Swan-Ganz catheterization and arterial cannulation. Simultaneous measurements were made of red cell and plasma volumes, and of plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration. Haemodynamic changes identified by 4 weeks gestation included significant (P less than 0.