Publications by authors named "Phimpha Paboriboune"
Genotype I, the penultimate HBV genotype to date, was granted the status of a bona fide genotype only in the XXIst century after some hesitations. The reason for these hesitations was that genotype I is a complex recombinant virus formed with segments from three original genotypes, A, C, and G. It was estimated that genotype I is responsible for only an infinitesimal fraction (<1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study investigates the prevalence and risk factors for pneumococcal carriage in cases of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Vientiane, Laos, revealing a significant carriage rate of 16.6%, especially in children under 5 years.
- Active surveillance involved 5,690 participants from randomly selected households, with data collected through nasopharyngeal swabs and questionnaires over a four-year period.
- Findings show that pneumococcal carriage is associated with factors like exposure to cigarette smoke and other pathogens, while also highlighting a decline in PCV13 serotypes among young children after the vaccine's introduction in 2013.
Article Synopsis
- The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated mass testing, leading to a study in Lao PDR exploring pooled testing to enhance laboratory capacity.
- In this study, 1,568 patients were tested in groups of four, resulting in a significant percentage of negative pools and a high confirmation rate of positive pools through individual testing.
- The findings indicated that pooling not only saved 67% on testing materials but also improved testing capacity, suggesting that countries could benefit from implementing pooled testing strategies for effective COVID-19 screening.
Background: Laos is considered highly endemic for persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). To eliminate this burden, it has gradually implemented universal anti-hepatitis B immunisation of newborns over the past two decades.
Methods: Using VIKIA® HBsAg, a rapid test for the qualitative detection of the HBV surface antigen, we conducted between Sep 1st, 2020 and Aug 31st, 2021 the largest prospective prevalence survey ever in Laos.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward Liver Cancer and Liver Cancer Screening Among HBV and HCV Patients in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic: A Cross-Sectional Study.
J Clin Exp Hepatol
August 2021
Background: Despite cervical cancer being a major public health concern in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), screening coverage is very low. The reasons and factors for this are unknown. This study aimed to identify factors associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening among women aged 25-60 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), cervical cancer is the third leading cause of women cancer.
Aims: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare the efficacy of careHPV™ test versus conventional Pap smear or Siriraj liquid-based cytology in the detection of cervical cancer in women living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
Materials & Methods: Overall, 631 women consented to participate.
Background: Global guidelines from the World Health Organization on discharging patients diagnosed with COVID-19 changed in 2021 to a symptom-based rather than negative PCR-based approach. Studies have shown that shedding of viable virus continues for approximately eight days after symptom onset in most patients. In Vientiane, Laos, until now, patients diagnosed with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 are hospitalised for 2 weeks and then, if they still test PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2, stay for a further week in a designated quarantine hotel before being discharged home.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction And Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic in Lao PDR, with up to 10% chronic infections in adults. Dentists have high risk of exposure and transmission to their patients. The aim was to investigate the serological profiles of vaccination, exposure and susceptibility to HBV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFirst insights into the genetic characteristics and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis population collected during the first national tuberculosis prevalence survey of Lao PDR (2010-2011).
BMC Infect Dis
October 2019
Article Synopsis
- A study in Lao PDR aimed to understand the genetic features and drug resistance of the tuberculosis (TB) bacteria, M. tuberculosis, during the first National TB Prevalence Survey (2010-2011).
- Out of 222 analyzed TB isolates, 11 showed resistance to isoniazid and 2 were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB), predominantly from the Beijing family.
- The majority of isolates belonged to the East African-Indian family (76.7%), with a notable clustering rate of 11% and mini-outbreaks linked to drug-resistant Beijing genotypes, highlighting differences in strain prevalence compared to neighboring countries.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined the transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from mothers to their infants in Vientiane, Lao PDR, focusing on immunization success rates without the use of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIg).
- Among 120 infants, only 4% tested positive for HBsAg, all linked to mothers with high viral loads, suggesting lower transmission rates than anticipated.
- The findings indicate that enhancing immunization strategies, potentially by including HBIg and maternal antiviral treatment, could further reduce mother-to-child transmission and improve antibody responses in infants.
Article Synopsis
- Respiratory diseases significantly impact health in tropical nations like Lao PDR, yet there's limited knowledge about viral or bacterial causes of influenza-like illness (ILI) at the community level.
- A community-based study tracked ILI cases in Vientiane over a year, involving 995 households and 4,885 participants, using various testing methods to identify pathogens.
- The findings revealed a high incidence of ILI (10.7 episodes per 100 person-years) linked to factors such as age, sex, and living conditions, with common pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A; co-infections were noted in 24% of cases.
Article Synopsis
- * Conducted on 1600 adults aged 35 and older, the research found a significant prevalence of diabetes and high rates of undiagnosed cases, with a notable correlation between certain helminths and diabetes risk.
- * The results suggest that helminth infections like Taenia spp. may negatively impact glycemic control, indicating a need for further investigation into their mutual influence on health outcomes.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global health concern, notably in Southeast Asia, and in Laos the presentation of the HCV-induced liver disease is poorly known. Our objective was thus to describe a comprehensive HCV infection pattern in order to guide national health policies. A study on a group of 1765 patients formerly diagnosed by rapid test in health centres was conducted at the Centre of Infectiology Lao Christophe Merieux in Vientiane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Lao PDR is one of the most highly endemic countries for hepatitis B in Asia and the second country for liver cancer incidence. Therefore, the follow-up of infected individuals through predictive serological markers is of utmost importance to monitor the progression of the pathology and take the decision on treatment.
Methods: A retrospective-descriptive cohort study was conducted on 3,857 HBV-infected patients.
A field survey studying intestinal parasites in humans and microbial pathogen contamination at environment was performed in a Laotian rural village to identify potential risks for disease outbreaks. A parasitological investigation was conducted in Ban Lak Sip village, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR involving fecal samples from 305 inhabitants as well as water samples taken from 3 sites of the local stream. Water analysis indicated the presence of several enteric pathogens, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe first national tuberculosis prevalence survey of Lao PDR (2010-2011).
Trop Med Int Health
September 2015
Objective: The objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Lao PDR in 2010-2011.
Method: A nationwide, multistage cluster-sampled cross-sectional survey was undertaken in 2010-2011. All consenting participants ≥15 years were screened for pulmonary TB with chest X-ray and symptom questionnaire.
The emergence of drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis (TB) represents a major public health concern. Understanding the transmission routes of the disease is a key factor for its control and for the implementation of efficient interventions. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) marker typing is a well-described method for lineage identification and transmission tracking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorldwide emergence of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae from healthy humans and patients in Lao PDR, Thailand, Israel, Nigeria and France owing to inactivation of the PhoP/PhoQ regulator mgrB: an epidemiological and molecular study.
Int J Antimicrob Agents
December 2014
The emergence of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a major public health concern worldwide. In this study, the prevalence and molecular basis of colistin resistance in CRKP isolated from healthy individuals and patients in Lao PDR, Thailand, Nigeria and France were investigated. Stool samples were screened by culture for the presence of colistin-resistant Klebsiella spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: HIV infection is an emerging problem in Laos. We conducted the first prospective study on intestinal parasites, including opportunistic protozoa, in newly diagnosed HIV infected patients, with or without diarrhea. The aims were to describe the spectrum of infections, to determine their prevalence and to assess their associations with diarrhea, CD4 cell count, place of residence and living conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Lao PDR is among the top seven countries in the WHO Western Pacific Region affected by tuberculosis (TB), but no prior studies had assessed drug resistance due to late implementation of testing methods.
- A cross-sectional study conducted in three hospitals from April to November 2010 investigated drug resistance by testing patients suspected of having pulmonary TB, utilizing various culture and assay methods.
- The results showed that out of 104 tuberculosis-positive cultures, 6.8% of new cases and 14.3% of previously treated cases exhibited resistance to isoniazid (INH), including the first identification of a strain resistant to multiple drugs (XDR), highlighting the need for improved drug resistance surveillance in Lao PDR.