Signal-Decay Based Approach for Visualization of Buried Defects in 3-D Printed Ceramic Components Imaged with Help of Optical Coherence Tomography.

We propose the use of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) as a tool for the quality control of 3-D-printed ceramics. Test samples with premeditated defects, namely single- and two-component samples of zirconia, titania, and titanium suboxides, were printed by stereolithography-based DLP (Digital Light Processing) processes. The OCT tomograms obtained on the green samples showed the capability of the method to visualize variations in the layered structure of the samples as well as the presence of cracks and inclusions at depths up to 130 µm, as validated by SEM images.

Auditory Word Comprehension Is Less Incremental in Isolated Words.

Partial speech input is often understood to trigger rapid and automatic activation of successively higher-level representations of words, from sound to meaning. Here we show evidence from magnetoencephalography that this type of incremental processing is limited when words are heard in isolation as compared to continuous speech. This suggests a less unified and automatic word recognition process than is often assumed.

Socio-ecological predictors of dietary inflammatory scores and associations with childhood and adolescent adiposity: A protocol for a rapid scoping review of observational studies.

Introduction: Diet-related inflammation is associated with adiposity. Obesity and inflammation in early life may have adverse health outcomes in later life; however, the socio-ecological predictors of a pro-inflammatory diet in childhood and adolescence are not well understood. This rapid scoping review aims to summarise the current state of research from observational studies investigating socio-ecological predictors (childhood, parental, familial, demographic and chronobiological risk factors) and their association with diet-associated inflammation and adiposity in children and adolescents.

Upadacitinib Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Crohn's Disease.

Background: Upadacitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, is under investigation for the treatment of Crohn's disease.

Methods: In two phase 3 induction trials (U-EXCEL and U-EXCEED), we randomly assigned patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease to receive 45 mg of upadacitinib or placebo (2:1 ratio) once daily for 12 weeks. Patients who had a clinical response to upadacitinib induction therapy were randomly assigned in the U-ENDURE maintenance trial to receive 15 mg of upadacitinib, 30 mg of upadacitinib, or placebo (1:1:1 ratio) once daily for 52 weeks.

Incident atrial fibrillation and adverse clinical outcomes during extended follow-up of participants recruited to the remote heart rhythm sampling using the AliveCor heart monitor to screen for atrial fibrillation: the REHEARSE-AF study.

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for stroke, which is commonly asymptomatic, particularly in older patients, and often undetected until cardiovascular events occur. Development of novel technology has helped to improve detection of AF. However, the longer-term benefit of systematic electrocardiogram (ECG) screening on cardiovascular outcomes is unclear.

Scarred for life: a review of cesarean section scar pregnancy and potential pitfalls in diagnosis.

Cesarean section scar pregnancy (CSSP) is defined as abnormal implantation of a gestational sac on or in a previous cesarean section scar. There is an increasing incidence of detection of CSSP, likely in part due to the growing rates of cesarean deliveries and the improved rates of detection with advancing ultrasound technology. Diagnosis of CSSP is critical due to the potentially life-threatening complications to the mother if left untreated.

The Microbiome of Osteoarthritic Hip and Knee Joints: A Prospective Multicenter Investigation.

Background: Recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have made it possible to characterize the microbial profile in anatomical sites previously assumed to be sterile. We used this approach to explore the microbial composition within joints of osteoarthritic patients.

Methods: This prospective multicenter study recruited 113 patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty between 2017 and 2019.

Nursing students' experience of workplace violence in clinical practice: A qualitative systematic review.

Aims: To systematically identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative studies investigating Registered Nurse students' (RNS) experiences of workplace violence (WPV) while on clinical placement. It is expected that the literature review findings will guide the development of targeted programs and policies to address WPV against RNS.

Background: WPV affects RNS during clinical placements as they are vulnerable to violence due to their limited experience and skills to challenge abusive behaviour.

Digest: Multiple factors influence mountain orchid diversity and distribution.

How have orchid species diversified in the campos rupestres, Brazil? Fiorini et al. (2023) use genomic data sets and multidisciplinary approaches, including phylogenetics and population genomics, to investigate the diversity of Bulbophyllum. They demonstrate that geographic isolation alone does not explain diversification patterns in Bulbophyllum species throughout the sky forests.

Coherently averaged dual-comb spectroscopy with a low-noise and high-power free-running gigahertz dual-comb laser: erratum.

This erratum corrects a typographical error in equation (8) of our published paper [Opt. Express31, 7103 (2023)10.1364/OE.

Opportunities to improve diagnosis in emergency transfers to the pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: Late recognition of in-hospital deterioration is a source of preventable harm. Emergency transfers (ET), when hospitalized patients require intensive care unit (ICU) interventions within 1 h of ICU transfer, are a proximal measure of late recognition associated with increased mortality and length of stay (LOS).

Objective: To apply diagnostic process improvement frameworks to identify missed opportunities for improvement in diagnosis (MOID) in ETs and evaluate their association with outcomes.

Decision Considerations and Strategies for Lip Surgery in Patients with Cleft lip/Palate: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: To qualitatively assess surgeons decision making for lip surgery in patients with cleft lip/palate (CL/P).

Design: Prospective, non-randomized, clinical trial.

Setting: Clinical data institutional laboratory setting.

Neutron star mass estimates from gamma-ray eclipses in spider millisecond pulsar binaries.

Reliable neutron star mass measurements are key to determining the equation of state of cold nuclear matter, but such measurements are rare. Black widows and redbacks are compact binaries consisting of millisecond pulsars and semi-degenerate companion stars. Spectroscopy of the optically bright companions can determine their radial velocities, providing inclination-dependent pulsar mass estimates.

Association of adverse childhood experiences with lipid profiles and atherogenic risk indices in a middle-to-older aged population.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been associated with poor later life health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Limited research investigating potential underlying biological mechanisms linking ACE to CVD exists, particularly regarding lipid biomarkers.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between childhood adversity and unfavourable lipid profiles and derived atherogenic risk indices in a middle-to-older aged population.

Recent advances in Forensic DNA Phenotyping of appearance, ancestry and age.

Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP) comprises the prediction of a person's externally visible characteristics regarding appearance, biogeographic ancestry and age from DNA of crime scene samples, to provide investigative leads to help find unknown perpetrators that cannot be identified with forensic STR-profiling. In recent years, FDP has advanced considerably in all of its three components, which we summarize in this review article. Appearance prediction from DNA has broadened beyond eye, hair and skin color to additionally comprise other traits such as eyebrow color, freckles, hair structure, hair loss in men, and tall stature.

Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders: Update and Pictorial Review of the SAR-ESUR Joint Consensus Statement for MRI.

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and are increasing in incidence owing to a rising rate of cesarean delivery. US is the primary imaging tool for evaluation of PAS disorders, which are most often diagnosed during routine early second-trimester US to assess fetal anatomy. MRI serves as a complementary modality, providing value when the diagnosis is equivocal at US and evaluating the extent and topography of myoinvasion for surgical planning in severe cases.

Using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to track cerebral alterations in multiple sclerosis brain: A longitudinal study.

Introduction: Quantitative MRI quantifies tissue microstructural properties and supports the characterization of cerebral tissue damages. With an MPM protocol, 4 parameter maps are constructed: MTsat, PD, R1 and R2*, reflecting tissue physical properties associated with iron and myelin contents. Thus, qMRI is a good candidate for in vivo monitoring of cerebral damage and repair mechanisms related to MS.

Locus Coeruleus activity while awake is associated with REM sleep quality in healthy older individuals.

The locus coeruleus (LC) is the primary source of norepinephrine (NE) in the brain, and the LC-NE system is involved in regulating arousal and sleep. It plays key roles in the transition between sleep and wakefulness, and between slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). However, it is not clear whether the LC activity during the day predicts sleep quality and sleep properties during the night, and how this varies as a function of age.

Automated Quantification of the Behaviour of Beef Cattle Exposed to Heat Load Conditions.

Cattle change their behaviour in response to hot temperatures, including by engaging in stepping that indicates agitation. The automated recording of these responses would be helpful in the timely diagnosis of animals experiencing heat loading. Behavioural responses of beef cattle to hot environmental conditions were studied to investigate whether it was possible to assess behavioural responses by video-digitised image analysis.

PhysiCOOL: A generalized framework for model Calibration and Optimization Of modeLing projects.

models of biological systems are usually very complex and rely on a large number of parameters describing physical and biological properties that require validation. As such, parameter space exploration is an essential component of computational model development to fully characterize and validate simulation results. Experimental data may also be used to constrain parameter space (or enable model calibration) to enhance the biological relevance of model parameters.

The Health Effects of 72 Hours of Simulated Wind Turbine Infrasound: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Study in Noise-Sensitive, Healthy Adults.

Background: Large electricity-generating wind turbines emit both audible sound and inaudible infrasound at very low frequencies that are outside of the normal human range of hearing. Sufferers of wind turbine syndrome (WTS) have attributed their ill-health and particularly their sleep disturbance to the signature pattern of infrasound. Critics have argued that these symptoms are psychological in origin and are attributable to nocebo effects.