Neutrophil extracellular traps release induced by Leishmania: role of PI3Kγ, ERK, PI3Kσ, PKC, and [Ca2+].

Upon in vitro stimulation, neutrophils undergo a cell death named netosis. This process is characterized by extracellular release of chromatin scaffold associated with granular and cytoplasmic proteins, which together, ensnare and kill microbes. We have previously described that interaction of Leishmania amazonensis with human neutrophils leads to the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, which trap and kill the parasite.