Perioperative N-acetylcysteine: evidence and indications.

Nonopioid analgesics serve to improve analgesia and limit side effects and risks of perioperative opioids. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the primary treatment of acetaminophen toxicity, may have perioperative indications, including analgesia. NAC impacts glutathione synthesis, oxidant scavenging, glutamate receptor modulation and neuroinflammation.

Evaluating a novel model of hepatitis B care, Hep B PAST, in the Northern Territory of Australia: results from a prospective, population-based study.

Background: The Northern Territory (NT) has the highest prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Australia. The Hep B PAST program aims to improve health outcomes for people living with CHB.

Methods: This mixed methods study involves First Nations peoples living in the NT.

Rac1 and Nectin3 are essential for PCP-directed axon guidance in the peripheral auditory system.

Our sense of hearing is critically dependent on the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) that connect the sound receptors in the organ of Corti (OC) to the cochlear nuclei of the hindbrain. Type I SGNs innervate inner hair cells (IHCs) to transmit sound signals, while type II SGNs (SGNIIs) innervate outer hair cells (OHCs) to detect moderate-to-intense sound. During development, SGNII afferents make a characteristic 90-degree turn toward the base of the cochlea and innervate multiple OHCs.

Partial differential equation models for invasive species spread in the presence of spatial heterogeneity.

Models of invasive species spread often assume that landscapes are spatially homogeneous; thus simplifying analysis but potentially reducing accuracy. We extend a recently developed partial differential equation model for invasive conifer spread to account for spatial heterogeneity in parameter values and introduce a method to obtain key outputs (e.g.

"Putting the power back into community": A mixed methods evaluation of a chronic hepatitis B training course for the Aboriginal health workforce of Australia's Northern Territory.

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is endemic in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population of Australia's Northern Territory. Progression to liver disease can be prevented if holistic care is provided. Low health literacy amongst health professionals is a known barrier to caring for people living with CHB.

"The most culturally safe training I've ever had": the co-design of a culturally safe Managing hepatitis B training course with and for the Aboriginal health workforce of the Northern Territory of Australia.

Background: The Aboriginal health workforce provide responsive, culturally safe health care. We aimed to co-design a culturally safe course with and for the Aboriginal health workforce. We describe the factors which led to the successful co-design, delivery, and evaluation of the "Managing hepatitis B" course for the Aboriginal health workforce.

Particulate Gastric Contents in Patients Prescribed Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists After Appropriate Perioperative Fasting: A Report of 2 Cases.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have surged in popularity for the treatment of both diabetes mellitus and obesity. While GLP-1 reduces proximal gastrointestinal motility and delays gastric emptying, the impact of these medications on adequate fasting before surgery is not clear. We present 2 cases of particulate gastric contents after following appropriate presurgical fasting in diabetic patients taking GLP-1 receptor agonists and review current literature regarding perioperative implications of these drugs.

A Trial of Adding Lung Protective Strategies to Existing Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols and Its Effect on Improving Postoperative Lung Function.

Background: With this rising popularization of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, it is important to ask if the current and developing pathways are fully comprehensive for the patient's perioperative experience. Many current pathways discuss aspects of care including fluid management, pain management, and anti-emetic medication regiments, but few delineate recommendations for lung protective strategies. The hypothesis was that intraoperative lung protective strategies would results in improved postoperative lung function.

The Association of α Angle on Disease Severity in Adolescent Femoroacetabular Impingement.

Background: Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain in adolescent patients. Clinical exam and radiographic markers, such as α angle and lateral center edge angle (LCEA), are commonly used to aid in the diagnosis of this condition. The purpose of this study was to correlate preoperative α angle and LCEA with preoperative symptoms, intraoperative findings, and preoperative and postoperative patient reported outcomes (PROs) in the adolescent patient.

To Infinity and Beyond: The Past, Present, and Future of Tele-Anesthesia.

Because the scope of anesthesia practice continues to expand, especially within the perioperative domain, our specialty must continually examine technological services that allow us to provide care in innovative ways. Telemedicine has facilitated the remote provision of medical services across many different specialties, but it remains somewhat unclear whether the use of telemedicine would fit within the practice of anesthesiology on a consistent basis. There have been several reports on the successful use of telemedicine within the preoperative and intraoperative realm.

A mathematical model of the metabolic and perfusion effects on cortical spreading depression.

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a slow-moving ionic and metabolic disturbance that propagates in cortical brain tissue. In addition to massive cellular depolarizations, CSD also involves significant changes in perfusion and metabolism-aspects of CSD that had not been modeled and are important to traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, and migraine. In this study, we develop a mathematical model for CSD where we focus on modeling the features essential to understanding the implications of neurovascular coupling during CSD.

Fluid-body interactions: clashing, skimming, bouncing.

Solid-solid and solid-fluid impacts and bouncing are the concern here. A theoretical study is presented on fluid-body interaction in which the motion of the body and the fluid influence each other nonlinearly. There could also be many bodies involved.

Flavodoxin hydroquinone reduces Azotobacter vinelandii Fe protein to the all-ferrous redox state with a S = 0 spin state.

Azotobacter vinelandii flavodoxin hydroquinone (FldHQ) is a physiological reductant to nitrogenase supporting catalysis that is twice as energy efficient (ATP/2e- = 2) as dithionite (ATP/2e- = 4). This catalytic efficiency results from reduction of Fe protein from A. vinelandii (Av2) to the all-ferrous oxidation state ([Fe4S4]0), in contrast to dithionite, which only reduces Av2 to the [Fe4S4]1+ state.

Ferritin-catalyzed consumption of hydrogen peroxide by amine buffers causes the variable Fe2+ to O2 stoichiometry of iron deposition in horse spleen ferritin.

Ferritin catalyzes the oxidation of Fe2+ by O2 to form a reconstituted Fe3+ oxy-hydroxide mineral core, but extensive studies have shown that the Fe2+ to O2 stoichiometry changes with experimental conditions. At Fe2+ to horse spleen ferritin (HoSF) ratios greater than 200, an upper limit of Fe2+ to O2 of 4 is typically measured, indicating O2 is reduced to 2H2O. In contrast, a lower limit of Fe2+ to O2 of approximately 2 is measured at low Fe2+ to HoSF ratios, implicating H2O2 as a product of Fe2+ deposition.

Evidence for a synergistic salt-protein interaction -- complex patterns of activation vs. inhibition of nitrogenase by salt.

The molybdenum nitrogenase enzyme system, comprised of the MoFe protein and the Fe protein, catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric N(2) to NH(3). Interactions between these two proteins and between Fe protein and nucleotides (MgADP and MgATP) are crucial to catalysis. It is well established that salts are inhibitors of nitrogenase catalysis that target these interactions.

The influence of self-efficacy and outcome expectations on the relationship between perceived environment and physical activity in the workplace.

BACKGROUND: Recent research and commentary contends that ecological approaches may be particularly useful for understanding and promoting physical activity participation in various settings including the workplace. Yet within the physical activity domain there is a lack of understanding of how ecological environment factors influence behaviour. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between perceived environment, social-cognitive variables, and physical activity behaviour.