Atypical chemokine receptor 2 expression is directly regulated by hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in cancer cells under hypoxia.

Lack of significant and durable clinical benefit from anti-cancer immunotherapies is partly due to the failure of cytotoxic immune cells to infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. Immune infiltration is predominantly dependent on the chemokine network, which is regulated in part by chemokine and atypical chemokine receptors. We investigated the impact of hypoxia in the regulation of Atypical Chemokine Receptor 2 (ACKR2), which subsequently regulates major pro-inflammatory chemokines reported to drive cytotoxic immune cells into the tumor microenvironment.

Incorporating patient centered benefits as endpoints in randomized trials of maintenance therapies in advanced ovarian cancer: A position paper from the GCIG symptom benefit committee.

Background: Quality of life and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important secondary endpoints and incorporated in most contemporary clinical trials. There have been deficiencies in their assessment and reporting in ovarian cancer clinical trials, particularly in trials of maintenance treatment where they are of particular importance. The Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) symptom benefit committee (SBC) recently convened a brainstorming meeting with representation from all collaborative groups to address questions of how to best incorporate PROMs into trials of maintenance therapies to support the primary endpoint which is usually progression free survival (PFS).

An Overview of the Allopathic Match.

The number of allopathic emergency medicine (EM) programs has been progressively increasing over the years. In 2018, allopathic EM postgraduate year-1 spots, compared with 2012, increased by around 60% to reach 2278 positions. EM is considered a competitive specialty and therefore, in this article we help guide students interested in EM through the allopathic match requirements, application process, interviews, and ranking EM programs.

Disaster Medicine: A Multi-Modality Curriculum Designed and Implemented for Emergency Medicine Residents.

Objective: Few established curricula are available for teaching disaster medicine. We describe a comprehensive, multi-modality approach focused on simulation to teach disaster medicine to emergency medicine residents in a 3-year curriculum.

Methods: Residents underwent a 3-year disaster medicine curriculum incorporating a variety of venues, personnel, and roles.

Training healthcare personnel for mass-casualty incidents in a virtual emergency department: VED II.

Introduction: Training emergency personnel on the clinical management of a mass-casualty incident (MCI) with prior chemical, biological, radioactive, nuclear, or explosives (CBRNE) -exposed patients is a component of hospital preparedness procedures.

Objective: The objective of this research was to determine whether a Virtual Emergency Department (VED), designed after the Stanford University Medical Center's Emergency Department (ED) and populated with 10 virtual patient victims who suffered from a dirty bomb blast (radiological) and 10 who suffered from exposure to a nerve toxin (chemical), is an effective clinical environment for training ED physicians and nurses for such MCIs.

Methods: Ten physicians with an average of four years of post-training experience, and 12 nurses with an average of 9.

Impact of treatment guidelines and implementation of a quality assurance program on quality of care in endometrial cancer.

Background: The treatment guidelines in the last decade have shown a trend towards increasing surgical radicality in endometrial cancer. Little information is available on the implementation of standards into clinical reality. We evaluated the adherence to standard therapy before and after introduction of an internal quality management system and determined the reasons for non-adherence.

Design, development, and evaluation of an online virtual emergency department for training trauma teams.

Background: Training interdisciplinary trauma teams to work effectively together using simulation technology has led to a reduction in medical errors in emergency department, operating room, and delivery room contexts. High-fidelity patient simulators (PSs)-the predominant method for training healthcare teams-are expensive to develop and implement and require that trainees be present in the same place at the same time. In contrast, online computer-based simulators are more cost effective and allow simultaneous participation by students in different locations and time zones.

Simulation for team training and assessment: case studies of online training with virtual worlds.

Individuals in clinical training programs concerned with critical medical care must learn to manage clinical cases effectively as a member of a team. However, practice on live patients is often unpredictable and frequently repetitive. The widely substituted alternative for real patients-high-fidelity, manikin-based simulators (human patient simulator)-are expensive and require trainees to be in the same place at the same time, whereas online computer-based simulations, or virtual worlds, allow simultaneous participation from different locations.

Assessment of resident professionalism using high-fidelity simulation of ethical dilemmas.

Objectives: To examine the responses of emergency medicine residents (EMRs) to ethical dilemmas in high-fidelity patient simulations as a means of assessing resident professionalism.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included all EMRs at a three-year training program. Subjects were excluded if they were unable or unwilling to participate.

Emergency medicine crisis resource management (EMCRM): pilot study of a simulation-based crisis management course for emergency medicine.

Objectives: To determine participant perceptions of Emergency Medicine Crisis Resource Management (EMCRM), a simulation-based crisis management course for emergency medicine.

Methods: EMCRM was created using Anesthesia Crisis Resource Management (ACRM) as a template. Thirteen residents participated in one of three pilot courses of EMCRM; following a didactic session on principles of human error and crisis management, the residents participated in simulated emergency department crisis scenarios and instructor-facilitated debriefing.

Teaching procedural skills to medical students: one institution's experience with an emergency procedures course.

Study Objective: We examine the effect of a preclinical emergency procedures course on students' clinical procedural skills and medical knowledge.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of evaluation forms for a cohort of 86 students graduating from medical school at an academic center. A cross section of students (n=57) taking a clinical emergency medicine rotation over a 4-year period was also studied.

Virtual reality and simulation: training the future emergency physician.

The traditional system of clinical education in emergency medicine relies on practicing diagnostic, therapeutic, and procedural skills on live patients. The ethical, financial, and practical weaknesses of this system are well recognized, but the alternatives that have been explored to date have shown even greater flaws. However, ongoing progress in the area of virtual reality and computer-enhanced simulation is now providing educational applications that show tremendous promise in overcoming most of the deficiencies associated with live-patient training.