Rationale: Approximately 80% of patients with non-familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) lack identifiable pathogenic genetic variants. While most genetic studies of PAH have focused on predicted loss-of-function variants, recent approaches have identified ultra-rare missense variants associated with the disease. encodes a highly conserved transcription factor, essential for angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in human and mouse lungs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterferon (IFN)-gamma-induced expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that inhibits some pathogens by limiting tryptophan availability, is transcriptionally enhanced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The expression of interferon responsive factor (IRF)-1, an IFN-gamma-induced transcriptional activator critical to IDO regulation, is also enhanced synergistically in response to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. The IRF-1 regulatory region contains an IFN-gamma-activated sequence (GAS) and a kappaB site, which bind STAT-1 and NF-kappaB, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which enzymatically depletes tryptophan, is an important antimicrobial defense mechanism against susceptible pathogens. In human epithelial cells, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced IDO expression is transcriptionally enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha). The purpose of this study was to identify those regulatory mechanisms responsible for this synergistic transcriptional activation of IDO.
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