Lack of significant metabolic abnormalities in mice with liver-specific disruption of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1.

Glucocorticoids (GC) are implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome, and patients with GC excess share many clinical features, such as central obesity and glucose intolerance. In patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes, systemic GC concentrations seem to be invariably normal. Tissue GC concentrations determined by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and local cortisol (corticosterone in mice) regeneration from cortisone (11-dehydrocorticosterone in mice) by the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme, principally expressed in the liver.

Foetal Anticonvulsant Syndrome: Implications on Dento-facial Development in General Dental Practice.

Epilepsy affects around 1% of the population and approximately 1 in 250 pregnancies are exposed to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder to occur in this group. Exposure to these drugs can result in teratogenic effects, referred to as foetal anticonvulsant syndrome (FACS).