Positive Margin Rates in Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Malignancies: A National Analysis.

Objective: Oral cavity malignancies (OCC) and oropharyngeal malignancies (OPC) historically have higher rates of positive surgical margins (PSM) compared to other solid malignancies. The objective of this study is to understand trends and predictors in positive surgical margins (PSM) for OPSCC and OCSCC using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Message development for a communication campaign to support health warning labels on cigars: a qualitative study.

Background: Communication campaigns for health warning labels (HWLs) are an evidence-based strategy to reduce tobacco use. No research has examined campaign messages to support graphic HWLs for little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs).

Methods: We developed four message types for graphic LCC HWLs: (1) Explanatory (2) Testimonial (3) Inquisitive and (4) Recommendation, depicting colon, lung, and esophageal cancer.

A 7T fMRI investigation of hand and tool areas in the lateral and ventral occipitotemporal cortex.

Previous studies demonstrated the existence of hand and tool areas in lateral and ventral occipitotemporal cortex (OTC), as well as an overlap between them. We reinvestigated this organization using 7T fMRI, benefiting from a higher signal-to-noise ratio than 3T. This enabled us to include a wider array of categories to achieve a more holistic perspective, and to omit certain spatial preprocessing steps.

Association of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy With Postoperative Major Morbidity After Oncologic Surgery.

Background: Despite increasing use of immunotherapy in the treatment of various cancer types, understanding of its impact on postoperative complications still is limited. This study aimed to characterize the association between neoadjuvant immunotherapy and surgical outcomes for rectal, colon, anal, esophageal, lung (non-small cell), and oral cavity cancers.

Methods: Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), the study selected patients ages 18-90 years who underwent non-palliative oncologic surgery between 2010 and 2020.

Trends and Future Directions in Margin Analysis for Head and Neck Cancers.

Margin status in head and neck cancer has important prognostic implications. Currently, resection is based on manual palpation and gross visualization followed by intraoperative specimen or tumor bed-based margin analysis using frozen sections. While generally effective, this protocol has several limitations including margin sampling and close and positive margin re-localization.

Brain mechanisms discriminating enactive mental simulations of running and plogging.

Enactive cognition emphasizes co-constructive roles of humans and their environment in shaping cognitive processes. It is specifically engaged in the mental simulation of behaviors, enhancing the connection between perception and action. Here we investigated the core network of brain regions involved in enactive cognition as applied to mental simulations of physical exercise.

Obesity and Survival After Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance: For patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), recent data suggest that obesity has a beneficial effect on survival outcomes in various cancer types. Reports on this association in head and neck cancer are limited.

Objectives: To compare overall survival (OS) to 5 years and functional outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with ICIs based on pretreatment body mass index (BMI).

Effect of preoperative programmed death-1 or programmed death ligand-1 immune check point inhibition on complications after surgery for primary head and neck cancer.

Background: There is sparse literature on the effect of preoperative immunotherapy on complications after surgery for primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The objectives are to compare complication rates in patients receiving surgery with and without neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (nICI) for primary HNSCC and to evaluate factors associated with increased odds of surgical complications.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent ablation and free flap reconstruction or transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for primary HNSCC between 2017-2021 was conducted.

Complications and Functional Outcomes After Esophageal Reconstruction with an Intact Larynx.

Background: Esophageal defects can result from primary pathologies such as malignancy or stricture, or secondary ones such as perforation due to trauma or iatrogenic injury. Techniques, management, and outcomes of reconstruction in this setting are poorly understood. Herein, we aim to highlight surgical outcomes in patients undergoing local and free flap reconstruction of esophageal defects in the setting of an intact larynx.

A Survey of Microvascular Technique Preferences Among American Head Neck Society Members.

Objective: To identify practices in microvascular techniques in routine and challenging scenarios.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: A national survey addressing practices related to microvascular free flap reconstruction was distributed to AHNS members between October and November 2021.

Differences in Functional and Survival Outcomes Between Patients Receiving Primary Surgery vs Chemoradiation Therapy for Treatment of T1-T2 Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance: Due to lack of data from high-powered randomized clinical trials, the differences in functional and survival outcomes for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) undergoing primary transoral robotic surgery (TORS) vs primary radiation therapy and/or chemoradiation therapy (RT/CRT) are unclear.

Objectives: To compare 5-year functional (dysphagia, tracheostomy dependence, and gastrostomy tube dependence) and survivorship outcomes in patients with T1-T2 OPSCC receiving primary TORS vs RT/CRT.

Design, Setting, And Population: This national multicenter cohort study used data from a global health network (TriNetX) to identify differences in functional and survival outcomes among patients with OPSCC who underwent primary TORS or RT/CRT in 2002 to 2022.

Evaluating the impact of hemodynamic support measures on head and neck free tissue transfer outcomes: A population-based analysis.

Objectives: This study sought to analyze the effects of perioperative blood transfusions and vasopressors on 30-day surgical complications and 1-year mortality after reconstructive surgery in head and neck free tissue transfer (FTT) and to identify predictors of administration of perioperative blood transfusions or vasopressors.

Materials And Methods: TriNetX (TriNetX LLC, Cambridge, USA), an international population-level electronic health record database, was queried to identify subjects that underwent FTT requiring perioperative (intraoperative to postoperative day 7) vasopressors or blood transfusions. Primary dependent variables were 30-day surgical complications and 1-year mortality.

Variant and Response to Ruxolitinib in an Autoinflammatory Syndrome.

Background: Disabling pansclerotic morphea (DPM) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder, characterized by poor wound healing, fibrosis, cytopenias, hypogammaglobulinemia, and squamous-cell carcinoma. The cause is unknown, and mortality is high.

Methods: We evaluated four patients from three unrelated families with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance of DPM.

Trends in Positive Surgical Margins in cT3-T4 Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: Positive surgical margins in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma are associated with cost escalation, treatment intensification, and greater risk of recurrence and mortality. The positive margin rate has been decreasing for cT1-T2 oral cavity cancer over the past 2 decades. We aim to evaluate positive margin rates in cT3-T4 oral cavity cancer over time, and determine factors associated with positive margins.

Periaqueductal gray matter and medial prefrontal cortex reflect negative prediction errors during differential conditioning.

Computational models of associative learning posit that negative prediction errors (PEs) arising from the omission of aversive outcomes weaken aversive Pavlovian associations during differential conditioning and extinction. It is possible that negative PEs may underlie exaggerated conditioned responses to the conditioned stimulus not paired with an aversitve outcome (CS-) during differential conditioning and to the conditioned stimulus originally paired with a aversive outcome (CS+) during extinction in patients with clinical anxiety disorders. Although previous research has demonstrated that manipulations of the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) interfere with extinction learning in animals, the role of the PAG in processing negative PEs within the human brain is presently unclear.

Assessment of the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in an acute UK hospital using a national audit tool: a single centre retrospective survey.

Introduction: Antibiotic use drives antibiotic resistance. The UK antimicrobial resistance (AMR) strategy aims to reduce antibiotic use. We aimed to quantify excess antibiotic use in a district general hospital in south-west England.

An extradural cyst in a French Bulldog.

Case History: A 7-year-old, male neutered French Bulldog was referred to a specialist veterinary hospital for evaluation of progressive paraparesis of 6-months' duration. The owners reported both faecal and urinary incontinence at home.

Clinical Findings: The dog presented with ambulatory paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia that was more pronounced in the right pelvic limb.

Functional and Symmetry Outcomes After Forehead Flap Reconstruction of Medial Peri-Ocular Defects.

Background: Orbital defects have a profound impact on orbital function and symmetry of the face and are difficult to reconstruct given the complexity of this area. The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) has not been well studied in reconstruction of orbital defects.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients who underwent reconstruction of periorbital defects with PMFF between 2016 and 2021.

Factors Leading to Gastrostomy Tube and Tracheostomy Requirements in Patients Treated Initially With Radiotherapy and Salvaged With Surgery and Free Flap Reconstruction.

Objective: Patients with recurrent oropharyngeal cancer can achieve survival benefits from surgical salvage, and often require simultaneous free-flap reconstruction. Resection and reconstruction can impact function, leading to tube dependence.

Primary Objective: describe rates of tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube dependence after oropharyngeal resection and free flap after prior radiation.

Postoperative analysis of osseous midface reconstructions: The value of imaging and a novel scoring system for complexity and operative success.

Background: Few standardized methods exist for evaluating the postoperative outcomes of osteocutaneous free flaps. We propose an anatomic-based scoring system for midface free flap reconstruction.

Methods: One hundred and twelve patients across four institutions underwent osteocutaneous reconstruction of the midface.