Background: Sixth nerve palsy is a common complication of endovascular treatment for carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF). Two hypotheses are evoked: the spontaneous venous congestion into the cavernous sinus and the direct compression of the nerve by the embolic agent into the cavernous sinus. Nevertheless, the evidence is still uncertain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The presence of a cortical venous reflux (CVR) in a carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is well described and is considered to be a criterion for urgent treatment. This reflux is often associated with direct/traumatic CCF and the high-flow of the fistula alone explains the reflux. For indirect CCF, the pathophysiology of a CVR is unclear.
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