Survival Following Salvage Surgery after Failed Radiotherapy for Penile Cancer: A SEER-Based Study.

Objective: Salvage surgery (SS) for penile cancer (PC) is indicated in the management of local failure following radiation therapy (RT). Reports describing survival outcome are rare. This study aims to assess survival outcome of SS following RT failure in PC.

Telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and risk of renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Telomeres are essential for chromosomal stability and may play a key role in carcinogenesis. Telomere length is suggested as a tentative biomarker of risk for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, results of previous association studies between telomere length and risk for RCC are inconsistent.

Management of the Clinically Negative (cN0) Groin Penile Cancer Patient: A Review.

To determine the role of noninvasive, minimally invasive diagnostic modalities and current management recommendations for cN0 PNC, a literature review using PubMed and Web of Science search engines were conducted. We found that for predicting ILN+: physical exam has limitations, nomograms are not validated, conventional computerized tomography/magnetic resonance imaging/positron imaging tomography scans have minimal role, and dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy is the most reliable minimally invasive modality. Adverse pathological features: G3, stage ≥ T2, presence of LVI, and rare histopathological variants are important predictors of ILN+ and their presence warrants prophylactic ILND or dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Treating advanced penile cancer: where do we stand in 2019?

Purpose Of Review: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) remains a challenging malignancy to treat and there is an urgent need of significant improvements at all levels of medical care. In the current review, we summarized the significant obstacles encountered during management of PSCC and discussed the clinical relevance of novel findings and their potential to address these obstacles.

Recent Findings: The recent genetic and immunological advances suggest that patients with PSCC can benefit from available targeted therapy and immunotherapy options.

Nomogram-based prediction of overall survival after regional lymph node dissection and the role of perioperative chemotherapy in penile squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective multicenter study.

Objectives: To improve the prognostic allocation of patients with penile squamous-cell carcinoma (PSCC) receiving regional lymph node dissection (LND).

Patients And Methods: An international, multicenter, retrospective study was performed on patients with PSCC who received regional LND, with or without perioperative therapy, from 1980 to 2017. We first used a random forest (RF) method with missing data imputation.

Updates in the molecular epidemiology and systemic approaches to penile cancer.

Penile cancer is a rare, but increasingly more common diagnosis. Although more there are more cases of penile cancer being diagnosed (the incidence is increasing), mortality (or conversely overall survival) has not changed. A detailed discussion of current treatments, along with potential therapeutic targets, and ongoing clinical trials is presented.

Optimal Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: an Unmet Need.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare genitourinary entity of the renal pelvis and the ureter characterized by a more aggressive disease phenotype when compared with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) with more than half of UTUC cases presenting with invasive disease at diagnosis compared to 20% for bladder tumors. There is growing evidence suggesting that its distinct natural history from that of bladder cancer can be related to several genetic and epigenetic differences. Treatment of low-risk disease consists of kidney-sparing surgeries such as ureteroscopic and percutaneous treatments, segmental ureterectomy, and adjuvant topical and intracavitary chemo-immunotherapies.

Towards Personalized Neoadjuvant Therapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

It has been demonstrated that immune checkpoint blockade has efficacy similar to chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting. Biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression levels can be used to rationally design clinical trials aimed at personalizing systemic therapy for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Important surgical concepts and techniques in inguinal lymph node dissection.

Purpose Of Review: Penile cancer is a rare disease with significant physical and psychosocial morbidity. It has a propensity to spread to the inguinal lymph nodes where it can progress to the pelvis and beyond. Here, we present a contemporary review on the surgical management of the lymph nodes.

Important Therapeutic Considerations in T1b Penile Cancer: Prognostic Significance and Adherence to Treatment Guidelines.

Background: The clinical implications and contemporary management of T1b penile cancer are unknown. National treatment guidelines advocate surgical lymph node examination (SLNE) for T1b disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of T1b disease and adherence to corresponding treatment guidelines.

Epidural anesthesia and cancer outcomes in bladder cancer patients: is it the technique or the medication? A matched-cohort analysis from a tertiary referral center.

Background: The perioperative period can be a critical period with long-term implications on cancer-related outcomes. In this study, we evaluate the influence of regional anesthesia on cancer-specific outcomes in a radical cystectomy (RC) cohort of patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with clinically-nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder who underwent RC at our institution from 2008 to 2012.

Implications of Programmed Death Ligand-1 Positivity in Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) positivity in a non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (non-ccRCC) cohort. PD-L1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens from 45 non-ccRCC patients with available tissue. PD-L1 positivity was defined as ≥1% of staining.

Adherence to EAU guidelines on penile cancer translates into better outcomes: a multicenter international study.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate adherence to the EAU guidelines (GL) on penile cancer (PC) with regard to primary surgical treatment and management of lymph nodes and to estimate the influence of adherence to GL on clinical outcome.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter study (PEnile Cancer ADherence study, PECAD Study) on PC patients treated at 12 European and American centers between 2010 and 2016. Adherence to the EAU GL on the surgical management of the primary penile tumor and lymphadenectomy was evaluated.

Primary Penile Cancer: The Role of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in the Management of Extranodal Extension in Lymph Nodes.

Background: In head and neck cancer, the presence of extranodal extension (ENE) in lymph nodes (LNs) has been shown prospectively to require adding chemotherapy to postoperative radiation therapy (RT). Limited data exist regarding ENE in LNs from primary penile cancer (PeCa).

Objective: To determine the association of RT and ENE in PeCa.