Coordinated regulation of osmotic imbalance by c-di-AMP shapes ß-lactam tolerance in Group B .

is among the few pathogens that have not developed resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics despite decades of clinical use. The molecular basis of this long-lasting susceptibility has not been investigated, and it is not known whether specific mechanisms constrain the emergence of resistance. In this study, we first report ß-lactam tolerance due to the inactivation of the c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase GdpP.

A LAMP-based assay for the molecular detection of group B Streptococcus.

Purpose: Streptococcus agalactiae remains a major pathogen in human health, especially in neonatal infection. Detection in pregnant women is essential to initiate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. This study compared the HiberGene loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to culture, the reference method, for the detection of group B Streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women.

Group B Streptococcus CRISPR1 Typing of Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Infectious Disease Isolates Highlights the Importance of CC1 in Fetal Death.

We performed a descriptive analysis of group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates responsible for maternal and fetal infectious diseases from 2004 to 2020 at the University Hospital of Tours, France. This represents 115 isolates, including 35 isolates responsible for early-onset disease (EOD), 48 isolates responsible for late-onset disease (LOD), and 32 isolates from maternal infections. Among the 32 isolates associated with maternal infection, 9 were isolated in the context of chorioamnionitis associated with fetal death.

Long-term surveillance of group B strains isolated from infection and colonization in pregnant women and newborns.

Group B (GBS) remains the leading cause of bacterial neonatal infections worldwide, despite the spread of recommendations on vaginal screening and antibiotic prophylaxis. There is a need to evaluate the potential changes in GBS epidemiology over time following the introduction of such guidelines. Our aim was to perform a descriptive analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of GBS by conducting a long-term surveillance of strains isolated between 2000 and 2018, using molecular typing methods.

Outcome of febrile neutropenic patients treated for bacteriuria in hematology.

Introduction: Positive urine sample is a frequent finding in post-chemotherapy febrile neutropenia (FN) and can lead to prolonged antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of bacteriuria episodes in FN patients receiving targeted antibiotic therapy.

Materials And Methods: A multi-centric retrospective study was conducted over a four-year period (2014-2019) on systematic urinalysis.

Pooling Rectal, Pharyngeal, and Urine Samples to Detect , , and Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Is as Effective as Single-Site Testing for Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Background: Screening for (CT) and (NG) at pharyngeal, urogenital, and anorectal sites is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM). Pooling samples is a promising technique, but no data are available when pooled screening also includes (MG). The main objective of this study was to examine the sensitivity of pooled samples for detecting CT, NG, and MG in MSM using nucleic acid amplification versus single-site testing.

Multiplex PCR assay targeting Trichomonas vaginalis: need for biological evaluation and interpretation.

In a retrospective study, we used sequencing to investigate Trichomonas vaginalis-positive specimens (genital, rectal and pharyngeal) with the Allplex™ STI Essential or the Anyplex™-II-STI-7 assays. Our results confirm that majority of T. vaginalis-positive genital and pharyngeal specimens contained T.

Doxycycline versus azithromycin for the treatment of anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women concurrent with vaginal infection (CHLAZIDOXY study): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, superiority trial.

Background: Anorectal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis are commonly found in women. Although the efficacy of doxycycline and azithromycin is comparable in the treatment of urogenital infection, their efficacies toward anorectal infection remain unclear. We therefore aimed to compare a single dose of azithromycin with a 7-day course of doxycycline for the treatment of anorectal C trachomatis infection in women with concurrent vaginal infection.

Distribution, Diversity and Roles of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Human and Animal Pathogenic Streptococci.

Streptococci form a wide group of bacteria and are involved in both human and animal pathologies. Among pathogenic isolates, differences have been highlighted especially concerning their adaptation and virulence profiles. CRISPR-Cas systems have been identified in bacteria and many streptococci harbor one or more systems, particularly subtypes I-C, II-A, and III-A.

Management of patients with pulmonary mycobacteriosis in France: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Recent studies report very low adherence of practitioners to ATS/IDSA recommendations for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), as well as a great variability of practices. Type of management could impact prognosis.

Methods: To evaluate management and prognosis of patients with NTM-PD cases with respect to ATS recommendations, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study (18 sentinel sites distributed throughout France), over a period of six years.

Inhaled amikacin versus placebo to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: the AMIKINHAL double-blind multicentre randomised controlled trial protocol.

Introduction: Pre-emptive inhaled antibiotics may be effective to reduce the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia among critically ill patients. Meta-analysis of small sample size trials showed a favourable signal. Inhaled antibiotics are associated with a reduced emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

CRISPR Typing Increases the Discriminatory Power of Typing Methods.

We explored the relevance of a Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genotyping tool for typing and we compared this method to current molecular methods [multi locus sequence typing (MLST) and capsular typing]. To this effect, we developed two CRISPR marker schemes (using 94 or 25 markers, respectively). Among the 255 isolates tested, 229 CRISPR profiles were obtained.

Functional Study of the Type II-A CRISPR-Cas System of Hypervirulent Strains.

Nearly all strains of , the leading cause of invasive infections in neonates, encode a type II-A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system. Interestingly, strains belonging to the hypervirulent Sequence Type 17 (ST17) contain significantly fewer spacers in their CRISPR locus than other lineages, which could be the result of a less functional CRISPR-Cas system. Here, we revealed one large deletion in the ST17 promoter region and we evaluated its impact on the transcription of genes as well as the functionalities of the CRISPR-Cas system.

[Mycoplasma genitalium: Prevalence of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance at the University Hospital of Tours, and check of the S-DiaMGRes (Diagenode Diagnostics) assay].

Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging agent of sexually transmitted infections, associated with urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Over the past decade, a remarkable increase in macrolide-resistant M. genitalium, the first-line treatment, is observed all over the world.

Controlled Heat and Humidity-Based Treatment for the Reuse of Personal Protective Equipment: A Pragmatic Proof-of-Concept to Address the Mass Shortage of Surgical Masks and N95/FFP2 Respirators and to Prevent the SARS-CoV2 Transmission.

The coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an unprecedented shortage of healthcare resources, primarily personal protective equipment like surgical masks, and N95/filtering face piece type 2 (FFP2) respirators. Reuse of surgical masks and N95/FFP2 respirators may circumvent the supply chain constraints and thus overcome mass shortage. Methods, design, setting, and measurement: Herein, we tested the effects of dry- and moist-air controlled heating treatment on structure and chemical integrity, decontamination yield, and filtration performance of surgical masks and FFP2 respirators.

Contribution of a molecular test for the diagnosis of genital infection with Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium.

In the present study, we assessed a recently-marketed molecular test, the S-DiaMGTV™ kit (Diagenode), which provides simultaneous detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis in urogenital samples. Performance characteristics of the S-DiaMGTV™ kit were compared to an in-house PCR for detection of M. genitalium and, for first time, with direct observation of genital secretions in wet mounting microscopy for T.

Seven Years Leptospirosis Follow-Up in a Critical Care Unit of a French Metropolitan Hospital; Role of Real Time PCR for a Quick and Acute Diagnosis.

(1) Background: Leptospirosis infection can lead to multiple organ failure, requiring hospitalization in an intensive care unit for supportive care, along with initiation of an adapted antibiotic therapy. Achieving a quick diagnosis is decisive in the management of these patients. (2) Methods: We present here a review of leptospirosis cases diagnosed in the intensive care unit of our hospital over seven years.

Treatment of Bone and Joint Tuberculosis in France: A Multicentre Retrospective Study.

Background: Nine percent of all cases of tuberculosis are bone and joint tuberculosis (BJTB). BJTB occurs in two main forms: spinal (STB) and extraspinal (ESTB). The aim of this study was to compare STB with ESTB in terms of diagnosis, treatment and outcomes.

Feature of Adhesins Produced by Human Clinical Isolates of , subsp. and Closely Related Species.

The complex includes two closely related species, and . They are opportunistic pathogens in humans and responsible for severe disease in a wide variety of animals. Yet, little is known about factors involved in their pathogenicity.

Predicting the microbial cause of community-acquired pneumonia: can physicians or a data-driven method differentiate viral from bacterial pneumonia at patient presentation?

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requires urgent and specific antimicrobial therapy. However, the causal pathogen is typically unknown at the point when anti-infective therapeutics must be initiated. Physicians synthesize information from diverse data streams to make appropriate decisions.

Whole-Genome Sequencing Confirms the Coexistence of Different Colonizing Group B Isolates Underscored by CRISPR Typing.

is a major pathogen and is the leading cause of neonatal infections in industrialized countries. The diversity of strains isolated from two pregnant women was investigated. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of strains W8A2, W8A6, W10E2, and W10F3, obtained in order to ascertain their phylogenetic affiliation.

Factors Associated With Severe Nonmeningitis Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults in France.

Background: In France, pneumococcal vaccination in adults is recommended for risk groups (chronic conditions/immunosuppression). We conducted a study on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in adults to identify factors associated with disease severity and death.

Methods: We included IPD cases, excluding meningitis, from 25 acute care hospitals in 6 regions.