Presence of Waddlia chondrophila in hot water systems from non-domestic buildings in France.

The presence of Waddlia chondrophila has been related to respiratory tract infections and human and animal fetal death. Although several sources of infection have been suggested, the actual source remains unknown and limited information exists on the prevalence of W. chondrophila in the environment.

Sensitivity of Vermamoeba (Hartmannella) vermiformis cysts to conventional disinfectants and protease.

Vermamoeba vermiformis is a free-living amoeba (FLA) widely distributed in the environment, known to colonize hot water networks and to be the reservoir of pathogenic bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila. FLA are partly resistant to biocides, especially in their cyst form. The control of V.

Morphological Study of the Encystment and Excystment of Vermamoeba vermiformis Revealed Original Traits.

Free-living amoebae are ubiquitous protozoa commonly found in water. Among them, Acanthamoeba and Vermamoeba (formerly Hartmannella) are the most represented genera. In case of stress, such as nutrient deprivation or osmotic stress, these amoebae initiate a differentiation process, named encystment.

Encystment of Vermamoeba (Hartmannella) vermiformis: Effects of environmental conditions and cell concentration.

Vermamoeba vermiformis is a free-living amoeba (FLA) which is widely distributed in the environment. It is known to colonize water systems and to be a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, such as Legionella pneumophila. For these reasons the control of V.

Laundry greywater treatment using a fluidized bed reactor: a proposed model based on greywater biodegradation and residence time distribution approach.

The increasing demand for water and the decrease in global water resources require research into alternative solutions to preserve them. The present study deals with the optimization of a treatment process, i.e.

Detection of free-living amoebae by using multiplex quantitative PCR.

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa found worldwide in soil and aquatic environments, which are able to colonize man-made water networks. Some FLA have the potential to be pathogenic and others might harbour pathogenic bacteria. Indeed, FLA feed on bacteria, but some bacteria could resist phagocytosis and either survive in FLA or even multiply within FLA.