Disposition and metabolism of [14C]-levomilnacipran, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, in humans, monkeys, and rats.

Levomilnacipran is approved in the US for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults. We characterized the metabolic profile of levomilnacipran in humans, monkeys, and rats after oral administration of [(14)C]-levomilnacipran. In vitro binding of levomilnacipran to human plasma proteins was also studied.

Management and endoscopic techniques for digestive foreign body and food bolus impaction.

Ingested foreign bodies, food bolus impaction, migration or retention of medical devices are frequent, in children as well as in adults. Most of these foreign bodies will naturally pass through the gastro-intestinal tract. Complications are rare but sometimes severe (oesophageal perforations are the most frequent and most feared).

Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction when switching from fluoxetine to milnacipran.

The lack of a therapeutic effect or unsupportable side-effects can lead to substitution of one antidepressant by another. The present study investigated potential modifications to the pharmacokinetic profile of milnacipran at steady-state when it is substituted for fluoxetine without any washout period. The open-label, multiple dose, three-period study was carried out in 12 evaluable healthy volunteers.

Impact of excipients on the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates in vitro and in vivo.

The efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), located in the apical membranes of intestinal absorptive cells, can reduce the bioavailability of a wide range of orally administered drugs. A number of surfactants/excipients have been shown to inhibit P-gp, and thus potentially enhance drug absorption. In this study, the improved everted gut sac technique was used to screen excipients for their ability to enhance the absorption of digoxin and celiprolol in vitro.