Ionomic and proteomic changes highlight the effect of silicon supply on the nodules functioning of L.

Introduction: Numerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of silicon (Si) in alleviating biotic or abiotic stresses in many plant species. However, the role of Si in Fabaceae facing environmental stress is poorly documented. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Si on physiological traits and nodulation efficiency in L.

Multi-scale phenotyping of senescence-related changes in roots of rapeseed in response to nitrate limitation.

Root senescence remains largely unexplored. In this study, the time-course of the morphological, metabolic, and proteomic changes occurring with root aging were investigated, providing a comprehensive picture of the root senescence program. We found novel senescence-related markers for the characterization of the developmental stage of root tissues.

Silicon Supply Improves Nodulation and Dinitrogen Fixation and Promotes Growth in Subjected to a Long-Term Sulfur Deprivation.

In many crops species, sulfur (S) deprivation negatively affects growth, seed yield quality and plant health. Furthermore, silicon (Si) is known to alleviate many nutritional stresses but the effects of Si supply on plants subjected to S deficiency remain unclear and poorly documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Si supply would alleviate the negative effects of S deprivation on root nodulation and atmospheric dinitrogen (N) fixation capacity in subjected (or not) to long-term S deficiency.

Drought specifically downregulates mineral nutrition: Plant ionomic content and associated gene expression.

One of the main limiting factors of plant yield is drought, and while the physiological responses to this environmental stress have been broadly described, research addressing its impact on mineral nutrition is scarce. and were subjected to moderate or severe water deficit, and their responses to drought were assessed by functional ionomic analysis, and derived calculation of the net uptake of 20 nutrients. While the uptake of most mineral nutrients decreased, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Mo uptake were impacted earlier and at a larger scale than most physiological parameters assessed (growth, ABA concentration, gas exchanges and photosynthetic activity).

Assessing the Effect of Silicon Supply on Root Sulfur Uptake in S-Fed and S-Deprived L.

Silicon (Si) is known to alleviate many nutritional stresses. However, in , which is a highly S-demanding species, the Si effect on S deficiency remains undocumented. The aim of this study was to assess whether Si alleviates the negative effects of S deficiency on and modulates root sulfate uptake capacity and S accumulation.

Transcriptomic, Metabolomic and Ionomic Analyses Reveal Early Modulation of Leaf Mineral Content in under Mild or Severe Drought.

While it is generally acknowledged that drought is one of the main abiotic factors affecting plant growth, how mineral nutrition is specifically and negatively affected by water deficit has received very little attention, other than being analyzed as a consequence of reduced growth. Therefore, plants were subjected to a gradual onset of water deficits (mild, severe, or severe extended), and leaves were analyzed at the ionomic, transcriptomic and metabolic levels. The number of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and of the most differentially accumulated metabolites increased from mild (525 DEGs, 57 metabolites) to severe (5454 DEGs, 78 metabolites) and severe extended (9346 DEGs, 95 metabolites) water deficit.

Comparative Omics Analysis of Roots Subjected to Six Individual Macronutrient Deprivations Reveals Deficiency-Specific Genes and Metabolomic Profiles.

The early and specific diagnosis of a macronutrient deficiency is challenging when seeking to better manage fertilizer inputs in the context of sustainable agriculture. Consequently, this study explored the potential for transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of roots to characterize the effects of six individual macronutrient deprivations (N, Mg, P, S, K, and Ca). Our results showed that before any visual phenotypic response, all macronutrient deprivations led to a large modulation of the transcriptome and metabolome involved in various metabolic pathways, and some were common to all macronutrient deprivations.

Specificity and Plasticity of the Functional Ionome of and Exposed to Micronutrient or Beneficial Nutrient Deprivation and Predictive Sensitivity of the Ionomic Signatures.

The specific variation in the functional ionome was studied in and plants subjected to micronutrient or beneficial mineral nutrient deprivation. Effects of these deprivations were compared to those of macronutrient deprivation. In order to identify early events, plants were harvested after 22 days, i.

Specificity and Plasticity of the Functional Ionome of and Subjected to Macronutrient Deprivation.

The composition of the functional ionome was studied in and with respect to the response of 20 elements under macronutrient deprivation. Analysis of relative root contents showed that some nutrients, such as Fe, Ni, Cu, Na, V, and Co, were largely sequestered in roots. After 10 days of deprivation of each one of these 6 macronutrients, plant growth was similar to control plants, and this was probably the result of remobilization from roots (Mg and Ca) or old leaves (N, P, K, S).

Do nitrogen- and sulphur-remobilization-related parameters measured at the onset of the reproductive stage provide early indicators to adjust N and S fertilization in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown under N- and/or S-limiting supplies?

Specific combinations of physiological and molecular parameters associated with N and S remobilization measured at the onset of flowering were predictive of final crop performances in oilseed rape. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a high nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) demanding crop.

Silicon Promotes Agronomic Performance in Cultivated under Field Conditions with Two Nitrogen Fertilizer Inputs.

To limit the environmental pollution associated with intensive nitrogen (N) fertilizer usage, alternative cultural practices must be considered for crops requiring high N inputs such as rapeseed. In this context, the effects of silicon (Si) supply on the agronomic performance of rapeseed cultivated under field conditions with two N fertilizer levels (60 and 160 kg ha) were studied. Results showed that Si supplied in the form of silicic acid (12 kg ha) has no effect on the agronomic performance of plants cultivated with the lower N input.

Silicon supply affects the root transcriptome of Brassica napus L.

Modulation of gene expression in roots of Brassica napus by silicon (Si) supply could allow plants to cope with future stresses. The origin of the beneficial effects of silicon (Si) in plants, especially when they are subject to stress, remains poorly understood. Some authors have shown that Si alleviates plant stress and consider that this is mainly due to a mechanical effect on the cell wall.

A New Role for SAG12 Cysteine Protease in Roots of .

Senescence associated gene (SAG) 12, which encodes a cysteine protease is considered to be important in nitrogen (N) allocation to seeds. A decrease in the yield and N content of the seeds was observed in the Arabidopsis SAG12 knockout mutants () relative to the wild type (Col0) under limited nitrogen nutrition. However, leaf senescence was similar in both lines.

SAG12, a Major Cysteine Protease Involved in Nitrogen Allocation during Senescence for Seed Production in Arabidopsis thaliana.

SAG12 is the most widely used senescence-associated reference gene for characterizing leaf senescence, and the increase in SAG12 protein during leaf senescence is remarkable. However, the role of this cysteine protease in N remobilization and the leaf senescence process remains unclear. The role of SAG12 has been poorly investigated and the few reports dealing with this are somewhat controversial.

Silicon Promotes Growth of L. and Delays Leaf Senescence Induced by Nitrogen Starvation.

Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in soil and has several beneficial effects, especially in plants subjected to stress conditions. However, the effect of Si in preventing nitrogen (N) starvation in plants is poorly documented. The aim of this work was to study the effect of a short Si supply duration (7 days) on growth, N uptake, photosynthetic activity, and leaf senescence progression in rapeseed subjected (or not) to N starvation.

Assessment of Sulfur Deficiency under Field Conditions by Single Measurements of Sulfur, Chloride and Phosphorus in Mature Leaves.

Determination of S status is very important to detect S deficiency and prevent losses of yield and seed quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the ([Cl]+[NO₃]+[PO₄]):[SO₄] ratio as an indicator of S nutrition under field conditions in and whether this could be applied to other species. Different S and nitrogen (N) fertilizations were applied on a S deficient field of oilseed rape to harvest mature leaves and analyze their anion and element contents in order to evaluate a new S nutrition indicator and useful threshold values.

Rapeseed-legume intercrops: plant growth and nitrogen balance in early stages of growth and development.

In this study we tested whether legumes can improve the growth and N and S nutrition of rapeseed in an intercropping system and compared the effect of mixtures on legume N-fixation and soil N-resources. Rapeseed was cultivated in low N conditions in monocrops using one (R) or two plants (RR) per pot and in mixtures with lupine, clover or vetch. The R monocrop was the most relevant control, intraspecific competition inducing a significant growth delay resulting in a significantly lower leaf number, in RR monocrop compared to R and the three mixtures considered.

Non-Specific Root Transport of Nutrient Gives Access to an Early Nutritional Indicator: The Case of Sulfate and Molybdate.

Under sulfur (S) deficiency, crosstalk between nutrients induced accumulation of other nutrients, particularly molybdenum (Mo). This disturbed balanced between S and Mo could provide a way to detect S deficiency and therefore avoid losses in yield and seed quality in cultivated species. Under hydroponic conditions, S deprivation was applied to Brassica napus to determine the precise kinetics of S and Mo uptake and whether sulfate transporters were involved in Mo uptake.

Nitrogen transfer from Lupinus albus L., Trifolium incarnatum L. and Vicia sativa L. contribute differently to rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) nitrogen nutrition.

Nitrogen (N) transfer is well documented in legume-cereal intercropping but this is less often reported for legume-Brassica intercrops even though Brassica crops require higher levels of N fertilizers. The present study was carried out to quantify N transfer from legumes (Lupinus albus L., Trifolium incarnatum L.

Nutrient deficiencies modify the ionomic composition of plant tissues: a focus on cross-talk between molybdenum and other nutrients in Brassica napus.

The composition of the ionome is closely linked to a plant's nutritional status. Under certain deficiencies, cross-talk induces unavoidable accumulation of some nutrients, which upsets the balance and modifies the ionomic composition of plant tissues. Rapeseed plants (Brassica napus L.

Mg deficiency affects leaf Mg remobilization and the proteome in Brassica napus.

In order to cope with variable mineral nutrient availability, higher plants have developed numerous strategies including the remobilization of nutrients from source to sink tissues. However, such processes remain relatively unknown for magnesium (Mg), which is the third most important cation in plant tissues. Using Mg depletion of Brassica napus, we have demonstrated that Mg is remobilized from old leaves to young shoot tissues.

Corrigendum: Heat Stress during Seed Filling Interferes with Sulfur Restriction on Grain Composition and Seed Germination in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.).

[This corrects the article on p. 213 in vol. 6, PMID: 25914702.

SuMoToRI, an Ecophysiological Model to Predict Growth and Sulfur Allocation and Partitioning in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Until the Onset of Pod Formation.

Sulfur (S) nutrition in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a major concern for this high S-demanding crop, especially in the context of soil S oligotrophy. Therefore, predicting plant growth, S plant allocation (between the plant's compartments) and S pool partitioning (repartition of the mobile-S vs.

Effect of sulphur deprivation on osmotic potential components and nitrogen metabolism in oilseed rape leaves: identification of a new early indicator.

Identification of early sulphur (S) deficiency indicators is important for species such as Brassica napus, an S-demanding crop in which yield and the nutritional quality of seeds are negatively affected by S deficiency. Because S is mostly stored as SO4 (2-) in leaf cell vacuoles and can be mobilized during S deficiency, this study investigated the impact of S deprivation on leaf osmotic potential in order to identify compensation processes. Plants were exposed for 28 days to S or to chlorine deprivation in order to differentiate osmotic and metabolic responses.

Heat stress during seed filling interferes with sulfur restriction on grain composition and seed germination in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).

In coming decades, increasing temperatures are expected to impact crop yield and seed quality. To develop low input systems, the effects of temperature and sulfur (S) nutrition in oilseed rape, a high S demanding crop, need to be jointly considered. In this study, we investigated the effects of temperatures [High Temperature (HT), 33°C/day, 19°C/night vs.