Publications by authors named "Philippe Dufour"

Objectives: The quality control of serological assays remains controversial. The aim of this project was to describe the problems associated with a working model for controlling these assays and solutions, including using a source of well-defined targets and acceptable limits, a process to identify lot-to-lot reagent variation and an interpretation of the result that accounted for the clinical situation. False-negative results are problematic but can be reduced by identifying and comparing reagent lot variation with previous results.

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  • The study investigates the genetic resistance of pea plants to a damaging soilborne pathogen in France, focusing on breeding resistant varieties by analyzing quantitative trait loci (QTL).
  • It combines new QTL mapping in advanced backcross populations with previous studies and integrates a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify resistance markers.
  • Ultimately, the research identifies 29 resistance-associated SNPs and 171 resistance QTL, confirming existing genetic regions and highlighting a rich diversity of resistance haplotypes for future breeding efforts.
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ELISA methods are the diagnostic tools recommended for the serological diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii infection in ruminants but their respective diagnostic performances are difficult to assess because of the absence of a gold standard. This study focused on three commercial ELISA tests with the following objectives (1) assess their sensitivity and specificity in sheep, goats and cattle, (2) assess the between- and within-herd seroprevalence distribution in these species, accounting for diagnostic errors, and (3) estimate optimal sample sizes considering sensitivity and specificity at herd level. We comparatively tested 1413 cattle, 1474 goat and 1432 sheep serum samples collected in France.

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Background: Among the strategies to encourage pregnant women to be vaccinated against pertussis in the postpartum period, that of giving them a prescription has been evaluated only sparsely.

Objective: To measure the effect of giving women who are not immunized against pertussis a prescription for the vaccine at discharge from the maternity unit.

Material And Methods: Single-center before-and-after study (2011: before; 2015: after).

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Background: Although its role in the prognosis for delivery remains controversial, the type of breech is sometimes taken into account in the decision about mode of delivery. Objective of our study was to compare maternal and neonatal morbidity for trial of vaginal delivery according to the type of breech (complete or frank).

Material And Method: Single-center retrospective study of women with trials of vaginal delivery of a singleton fetus in breech presentation at of after 37 weeks of gestation.

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Background: Although vaccination of pregnant women against influenza is recommended, the vaccination rate remains low. We conducted a study to identify determinants of influenza vaccination uptake in pregnancy in order to identify strategies to improve seasonal influenza vaccination rates.

Methods: Prospective observational hospital-based study in the French hospital performing the highest number of deliveries, located in the city of Lille, among all women who had given birth during the 2014-2015 influenza season.

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Coxiella burnetii can infect many animal species, but its circulation dynamics in and through horses is still unclear. This study evaluated horse exposure in an area known to be endemic for ruminants and humans. We assessed antibody prevalence in horse serum by ELISA, and screened by qPCR horse blood, ticks found on horses and dust from stables.

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RASA1-related disease is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by capillary malformations, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and/or arteriovenous fistulas (AFVs). Penetrance is nearly complete and vascular malformations may cause serious complications such as organ injury due to oxygenation disorder, brain abscess, hemorrhage, and stroke. Early diagnosis is useful in order to discuss optimal management, including AVMs/AVFs embolization or surgical procedures, and try to prevent some of the complications.

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  • - Mass spectrometry (MS) using Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) mode is suggested for detailed analysis of microorganisms in a multiplex format.
  • - The SRM method can identify microbes, detect antibiotic resistance, assess virulence, and provide epidemiological typing, all within 60-80 minutes.
  • - An example of this approach is presented through the analysis of Staphylococcus aureus, showing its potential for quick characterization of bacteria in sepsis patients' blood cultures.
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In recent decades, concern has been growing about decreasing fecundity and fertility in the human population. Exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF), especially radiofrequency (RF) fields used in wireless communications has been suggested as a potential risk factor. For the first time, we evaluated the effects of exposure to the 2450MHz Wi-Fi signal (1h/day, 6days/week) on the reproductive system of male and female Wistar rats, pre-exposed to Wi-Fi during sexual maturation.

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We report the synthesis and characterization of tantalum-boronate trimetallic clusters of general formula {[Cp*Ta](3)(μ(2)-RB(O)(2))(3)(μ(2)-OH)(μ(2)-O)(2)(μ(3)-OH)} (R= 4-(C(6)H(5))(C(6)H(4)) (Ta(3)-4Ph), 4-(C(6)H(5)O)(C(6)H(4)) (Ta(3)-4OPh), 4-(C(7)H(7)O)(C(6)H(4)) (Ta(3)-4OBn), 4-(C(8)H(5))(C(6)H(4)) (Ta(3)-4PhEt), and 4-(C(12)H(7))(C(6)H(4)) (Ta(3)-4Napht)). All complexes have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The trimetallic species feature a large Lewis acid type cavity allowing for substrate binding in both the solid and the liquid state using a unique electrostatic interaction and a hydrogen bond.

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The steroid nucleus is an interesting scaffold for the development of new therapeutic agents. Within the goal of identifying anticancer agents, new pregnane derivatives were prepared by using a sequence of liquid and solid-phase reactions. After we dehydrated epi-allopregnanolone in one step with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride and generated a 2,3α-epoxide, the regio- and stereo-selective aminolysis of this epoxide enabled us to obtain a 2β-piperazino-pregnane, whose secondary amine was protected as N-Fmoc-derivative.

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Background: The increase in exposure to the Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) wireless communication signal has raised public health concerns especially for young people. Animal studies looking at the effects of early life and prenatal exposure to this source of electromagnetic fields, in the radiofrequency (RF) range, on development and behavior have been considered as high priority research needs by the World Health Organization.

Methods: For the first time, our study assessed the effects of in utero exposure to a 2450 MHz Wi-Fi signal (2 hr/day, 6 days/week for 18 days) on pregnant rats and their pups.

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Unlabelled: Uterine artery Doppler anomalies are associated with unfavorable outcomes in women with preeclampsia.

Objectives: To examine the association between abnormal uterine artery Doppler and severity of preeclampsia.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of a population of 287 patients with preeclampsia who underwent a uterine artery Doppler velocimetric examination at the onset of preeclampsia, between 1996 and 2002.

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Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium largely carried by ruminants and shed into milk, vaginal mucus, and feces. The main potential hazard to humans and animals is due to shedding of bacteria that can then persist in the environment and be aerosolized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shedding after an outbreak of Q fever abortion in goat herds and to assess the relationship with the occurrence of abortions and antibody responses.

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Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular bacterium that causes a worldwide zoonosis, the Q fever. Currently, to diagnose the infection in ruminants, whole cell antigens-based ELISAs are used. In this study a heat shock protein, the HspB, was evaluated for its ability to be recognized by the goat immune system and its capacity to sign a stage of infection.

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Eutrophication, and the resulting proliferation of phytoplankton can affect water quality. Although environmental and ecological processes that lead to phytoplankton proliferations in temperate areas have received considerable attention, scientific background regarding this topic in tropical areas, especially West Africa, are scarce. In this study, bioassays in batch cultures were carried out in order to identify factors that may be stimulating or limiting the biomass of phytoplankton at various sites in the lower Senegal River delta region.

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  • Germanicane-type triterpenes allobetulin and 28-oxoallobetulin can be synthesized from more common lupane-type triterpenes betulin and betulinic acid through the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement.
  • The limited medical uses of betulinic acid and its derivatives are attributed to their poor solubility and pharmacokinetic properties, prompting the synthesis of various saponins derived from these compounds.
  • The study found that betulinic acid saponins generally have better anticancer activity, with the exception of betulin 3beta-O-alpha-d-mannopyranoside, which showed significant cytotoxic effects against certain human cancer cell lines, while newly synthesized germanicane-type sapon
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Performances of an ELISA, an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and a complement fixation test (CFT) were assessed for detecting antibodies against Coxiella burnetii after Q fever abortions in naturally infected goats. The goal of the study was to provide information useful for veterinary serodiagnosis in regard to categories of goats either experiencing Q fever abortion or not, blood sampling times and recommended cut-offs. The study was conducted on eight goat herds with evidence of C.

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Information on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in hexaploid bread wheat is still scarce. The goal of this study was to detect SNPs in wheat and examine their frequency. Twenty-six bread wheat lines from different origins worldwide were used.

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Background: Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage is an uncommon cause of chronic fetal anemia. Without treatment, hydrops fetalis can occur and progress toward death. In some cases, an early diagnosis can improve the management.

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  • Betulinic acid’s low solubility limits its use as an anticancer treatment, prompting researchers to modify it and similar compounds with sugar molecules.
  • Synthesis of glycosides led to varying levels of cytotoxicity; adding sugars to betulin reduced its effectiveness, while modifying lupeol significantly increased its potency against cancer cells.
  • The study found that the 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside form of betulinic acid was particularly effective, making cancer cells much more sensitive than healthy cells, suggesting glycosylated triterpenoids could be promising cancer treatments.
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A previous study in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) identified two candidate genes controlling a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) GluBx. These candidates were Glu-B1-1, the structural gene coding for Glu1Bx, and the B homoeologous gene coding for SPA (spa-B), a seed storage protein activator.

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Livestock is considered to be the major "source" of human Q fever. The efficacy of two currently available vaccines (Coxevac, phase I, CEVA Santé Animale and Chlamyvax FQ, phase II, MERIAL) against Coxiella excretion was investigated in terms of risks to human health. Two months before mating, 17 goats were vaccinated subcutaneously against Coxiella burnetii with an inactivated phase I vaccine and 16 goats were vaccinated with an inactivated phase II Coxiella mixed with Chlamydophila abortus vaccine.

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