Differential Radiomics-Based Signature Predicts Lung Cancer Risk Accounting for Imaging Parameters in NLST Cohort.

Objective: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with most cases diagnosed at advanced stages. Hence, there is a need to develop effective predictive models for early detection. This study aims to investigate the impact of imaging parameters and delta radiomic features from temporal scans on lung cancer risk prediction.

[The dengue vaccine: a major scientific challenge and a public health issue].

Almost half of the world's population is exposed to the risk of transmission of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV 1-4), by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. A dengue vaccine is effective if it induces prolonged protective immunity against all circulating viral strains, irrespective of the age and infection history of the vaccinated subject. An effective vaccine strategy against dengue is based on the injection of live attenuated viruses in a tetravalent formulation.

Sensitivity of CT-derived radiomic features to extraction libraries and gray-level discretization in the context of immune biomarker discovery.

Objectives: Radiomics can predict patient outcomes by automatically extracting a large number of features from medical images. This study is aimed to investigate the sensitivity of radiomics features extracted from 2 different pipelines, namely, Pyradiomics and RaCat, as well as the impact of gray-level discretization on the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) biomarkers.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 164 non-small cell lung cancer patients administered with ICIs was used in this study.

The NS1 protein of contemporary West African Zika virus potentiates viral replication and reduces innate immune activation.

Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) from sub-Saharan Africa has recently gained attention due to its epidemic potential and its capacity to be highly teratogenic. To improve our knowledge on currently circulating strains of African ZIKV, we conducted protein sequence alignment and identified contemporary West Africa NS1 (NS1CWA) protein as a highly conserved viral protein. Comparison of NS1CWA with the NS1 of the historical African ZIKV strain MR766 (NS1MR766), revealed seven amino acid substitutions.

Compensatory mutations potentiate constructive neutral evolution by gene duplication.

The functions of proteins generally depend on their assembly into complexes. During evolution, some complexes have transitioned from homomers encoded by a single gene to heteromers encoded by duplicate genes. This transition could occur without adaptive evolution through intermolecular compensatory mutations.

Replication properties of a contemporary Zika virus from West Africa.

Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a global health problem over the past decade due to the extension of the geographic distribution of the Asian/American genotype. Recent epidemics of Asian/American ZIKV have been associated with developmental disorders in humans. There is mounting evidence that African ZIKV may be associated with increased fetal pathogenicity necessitating to pay a greater attention towards currently circulating viral strains in sub-Saharan Africa.

Implementing Multifactorial Risk Assessment with Polygenic Risk Scores for Personalized Breast Cancer Screening in the Population Setting: Challenges and Opportunities.

Risk-stratified breast screening has been proposed as a strategy to overcome the limitations of age-based screening. A prospective cohort study was undertaken within the PERSPECTIVE I&I project, which will generate the first Canadian evidence on multifactorial breast cancer risk assessment in the population setting to inform the implementation of risk-stratified screening. Recruited females aged 40-69 unaffected by breast cancer, with a previous mammogram, underwent multifactorial breast cancer risk assessment.

Deep mutational scanning of Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydrofolate reductase reveals allosteric mechanism of resistance to an antifolate.

Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungal pathogen that causes pneumocystis pneumonia, a disease that mainly affects immunocompromised individuals. This fungus has historically been hard to study because of our inability to grow it in vitro. One of the main drug targets in P.

Compensatory mutations potentiate constructive neutral evolution by gene duplication.

Protein functions generally depend on their assembly into complexes. During evolution, some complexes have transitioned from homomers encoded by a single gene to heteromers encoded by duplicate genes. This transition could occur without adaptive evolution through intermolecular compensatory mutations.

The Cross-Scale Association between Pathomics and Radiomics Features in Immunotherapy-Treated NSCLC Patients: A Preliminary Study.

Background: Recent advances in cancer biomarker development have led to a surge of distinct data modalities, such as medical imaging and histopathology. To develop predictive immunotherapy biomarkers, these modalities are leveraged independently, despite their orthogonality. This study aims to explore the cross-scale association between radiological scans and digitalized pathology images for immunotherapy-treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Dengue virus M and E proteins belonging to genotype II (Cosmopolitan) of serotype 2 are influenced by the nature of M residue 36.

Mosquito-borne dengue disease is caused by the dengue virus serotype-1 to serotype-4. The contemporary dengue outbreaks in the southwestern Indian ocean coincided with the widespread of dengue virus serotype 2 genotype II (Cosmopolitan), including epidemic viral strains DES-14 and RUN-18 isolated in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) in 2014 and La Reunion Island (France) in 2018, respectively. Heterodimeric interaction between prM (intracellular precursor of surface structural M protein) and envelope E proteins is required during the initial stage of dengue virus assembly.

Risk of Bias Mitigation for Vulnerable and Diverse Groups in Community-Based Primary Health Care Artificial Intelligence Models: Protocol for a Rapid Review.

Background: The current literature identifies several potential benefits of artificial intelligence models for populations' health and health care systems' efficiency. However, there is a lack of understanding on how the risk of bias is considered in the development of primary health care and community health service artificial intelligence algorithms and to what extent they perpetuate or introduce potential biases toward groups that could be considered vulnerable in terms of their characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, no reviews are currently available to identify relevant methods to assess the risk of bias in these algorithms.

Extracellular Vesicles Are Conveyors of the NS1 Toxin during Dengue Virus and Zika Virus Infection.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), produced during viral infections, are of emerging interest in understanding infectious processes and host-pathogen interactions. EVs and exosomes in particular have the natural ability to transport nucleic acids, proteins, and other components of cellular or viral origin. Thus, they participate in intercellular communication, immune responses, and infectious and pathophysiological processes.

Stability of Dengue 2 Nonstructural Glycoprotein 1 (NS1) Is Affected by the Nature of Basic Residue at Position NS1-324.

Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease. It is caused by the infection of any of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes DENV-1 to DENV-4. The DENV non-structural glycoprotein 1 (NS1) plays an important role in virus replication and the immunopathogenesis of virus infection.

Use of Envelope Domain III Protein for the Detection of IgG Type Antibodies Specific to Zika Virus by Indirect ELISA.

Zika virus (ZIKV) diagnostics are crucial for proper antenatal and postnatal care and also for surveillance and serosurvey studies. Since the viremia during ZIKV infection is fleeting, serological testing is highly valuable to inform diagnosis. However, current serology tests using whole virus antigens frequently suffer from cross reactivity issues, delays, and technical complexity, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs) and endemic countries.

Epistasis between promoter activity and coding mutations shapes gene evolvability.

The evolution of protein-coding genes proceeds as mutations act on two main dimensions: regulation of transcription level and the coding sequence. The extent and impact of the connection between these two dimensions are largely unknown because they have generally been studied independently. By measuring the fitness effects of all possible mutations on a protein complex at various levels of promoter activity, we show that promoter activity at the optimal level for the wild-type protein masks the effects of both deleterious and beneficial coding mutations.

Lam., a halophyte from Mauritius Island, inhibits the entry of Zika virus in human cells (A549)- an and analysis.

The recent appearance of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil should serve as a wake-up call to international authorities, as it poses a threat to global public health. In the present study, we investigated whether a mangrove plant, Lam. () collected in Mauritius, possesses anti-ZIKV activity at the non-cytotoxic doses.

Antiviral Effect of DC. and DC., Two Flavonoid-Rich Endemic Plants from Madagascar, against Dengue and Zika Viruses.

Dengue and Zika viruses are identified as the most medically important arthropod-borne viral pathogens. Over the past 20 years, the global dengue incidence has dramatically increased with epidemics of severe dengue where the case fatality rate can reach up to 20% in untreated patients. The association between Zika virus infection and severe congenital anomalies was first reported in 2015.

The Efficient Antiviral Response of A549 Cells Is Enhanced When Mitochondrial Respiration Is Promoted.

When exposed to a viral infection, the attacked cells promptly set up defense mechanisms. As part of the antiviral responses, the innate immune interferon pathway and associated interferon-stimulated genes notably allow the production of proteins bearing antiviral activity. Numerous viruses are able to evade the interferon response, highlighting the importance of controlling this pathway to ensure their efficient replication.

Asymmetrical dose responses shape the evolutionary trade-off between antifungal resistance and nutrient use.

Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging threat for public health. The success of resistance mutations depends on the trade-off between the benefits and costs they incur. This trade-off is largely unknown and uncharacterized for antifungals.

Impact of the dead-time correction method on quantitative Lu-SPECT (QSPECT) and dosimetry during radiopharmaceutical therapy.

Background: Dead-time correction is required for accurate quantitative SPECT-based dosimetry in the context of personalised Lu radiopharmaceutical therapy. We aimed to evaluate the impact of applying dead-time correction on the reconstructed SPECT image versus on the acquisition projections before reconstruction.

Methods: Data from 16 SPECT/CT acquisitions of a decaying Lu-filled phantom (up to 20.