Effects of hydration on plasma copeptin, glycemia and gluco-regulatory hormones: a water intervention in humans.

Purpose: High plasma copeptin, a marker of vasopressin, predicts diabetes mellitus. We tested if copeptin could be suppressed by increased water intake in healthy individuals, and if a water-induced change in copeptin was accompanied by altered concentrations of glucose, insulin or glucagon.

Methods: Thirty-nine healthy individuals underwent, in random order, 1 week of high water intake (3 L/day on top of habitual intake) and 1 week of normal (habitual) fluid intake (control).

Orthostatic Changes in Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Dysautonomic Patients.

Background: Impaired autonomic control of postural homeostasis results in orthostatic intolerance. However, the role of neurohormones in orthostatic intolerance has not been explained.

Methods: Six-hundred-and-seventy-one patients (299 males; 55 ± 22 years) with unexplained syncope underwent head-up tilt (HUT) with serial blood sampling.

High salt intake increases copeptin but salt sensitivity is associated with fluid induced reduction of copeptin in women.

This study investigated if copeptin is affected by high salt intake and whether any salt-induced changes in copeptin are related to the degree of salt sensitivity. The study was performed on 20 men and 19 women. In addition to meals containing 50 mmol NaCl daily, capsules containing 100 mmol NaCl and corresponding placebo capsules were administered during 4 weeks each, in random order.

A clinically confirmed family history for early myocardial infarction is associated with increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

Objective: The risk factor pattern underlying a parental history of myocardial infarction (MI) is incompletely understood. We examined whether a parental history of clinically verified early MI may promote development of insulin resistance, obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: One hundred and seventy-four offspring to patients with clinically verified MI before 60 years of age in the population-based prospective Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) study were recruited (positive parental history).

A dedicated investigation unit improves management of syncopal attacks (Syncope Study of Unselected Population in Malmo--SYSTEMA I).

Aims: To investigate whether a systematic approach to unexplained syncopal attacks based on the European Society of Cardiology guidelines would improve the diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.

Methods And Results: Patients presenting with transient loss of consciousness to the Emergency Department of Skåne University Hospital in Malmö were registered by triage staff. Those with established cardiac, neurological, or other definite aetiology and those with advanced dementia were excluded.

Orthostatic hypotension in genetically related hypertensive and normotensive individuals.

Objectives: Prevalence and determinants of orthostatic hypotension remain largely unexplored in younger individuals without significant burden of chronic diseases.

Methods: We investigated frequency and main associations of impaired orthostatic response in a cohort of 469 middle-aged hypertensive patients and 453 of their normotensive first-degree relatives.

Results: 13.

The metabolic syndrome and risk of myocardial infarction in familial hypertension (hypertension heredity in Malmö evaluation study).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether three main definitions of the metabolic syndrome (MetS)--WHO, National Cholesterol Education Program--Adult Treatment Panel III and International Diabetes Federation--identify the same individuals and are able to predict incident myocardial infarction (MI) in families with essential hypertension.

Methods: The tested definitions were prospectively related to data on MI in a cohort of approximately 1700 individuals with overt essential hypertension and their normotensive first-degree relatives.

Results: At baseline, 616 participants had MetS, yet only 209 of them (33.

Determinants of kidney function in Swedish families: role of heritable factors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the determinants of kidney function and the role of heritable factors in a sample of 249 siblings free from known cardiovascular disease and without antihypertensive drugs belonging to 110 families. Four different measures and estimates of kidney function were considered. Blood pressure was recorded during 24 h by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

Novel mutations in the SLC12A3 gene causing Gitelman's syndrome in Swedes.

Purpose: Gitelman's syndrome (GS) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder due to loss of function mutations in the SLC12A3 gene encoding the Na-Cl co-transporter (NCCT), the target of thiazide diuretics. The defective function of the NCCT, which normally is expressed in the apical membrane of the distal convolute tubule in the kidney, leads to mild hypotension, hypokalemia, hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism, mild metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. Up to now, more than 100 mutations of the SLC12A3 gene have been described in GS patients.

Moderate salt restriction effectively lowers blood pressure and degree of salt sensitivity is related to baseline concentration of renin and N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide in plasma.

Objective: The effect of salt restriction on blood pressure is under intense debate. We tested the effect of 100 mmol salt reduction on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in 46 Swedish individuals, 39 of whom completed the study, using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Furthermore, we tested whether the basal plasma concentration of renin or N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide (Nt-proANP) predict the degree of salt sensitivity.

Dipping and variability of blood pressure and heart rate at night are heritable traits.

Background: Blunted nocturnal blood pressure dipping (NBPD) as well as high variability in blood pressure (BPV) and low variability in heart rate (HRV), are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine whether these traits are heritable.

Methods: We studied 260 healthy siblings without antihypertensive drugs from 118 Swedish families.

Heritability of ambulatory and office blood pressure phenotypes in Swedish families.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and office blood pressure phenotypes in Swedish families.

Methods: We measured ambulatory and office blood pressure in 260 siblings without antihypertensive treatment from 118 families. Blood pressure heritability was estimated using standard quantitative genetic variance component analysis implemented in the 'SOLAR' software package after adjustment for significant covariates.

A genome wide scan for early onset primary hypertension in Scandinavians.

With the aim of identifying hypertension susceptibility loci, we performed a genome wide scan in Scandinavian sib-pairs with early onset primary hypertension. To be classified as affected, a diagnosis of primary hypertension at age View Article and Find Full Text PDF