The study aims to review existing literature on reference values for maximal isometric muscle strength (MIMS) in healthy adults using handheld dynamometers (HHD), highlighting gaps and suggesting future research directions.
A scoping review method was used, searching various databases up to May 2020, resulting in the analysis of 4015 titles, 46 full articles, and ultimately 9 relevant studies that met inclusion criteria.
Findings show significant variability in testing protocols and a lack of standardized strength units and well-documented procedures, indicating a crucial need to establish comprehensive reference values for better clinical use of manual dynamometry.