Deep learning-assisted interactive contouring of lung cancer: Impact on contouring time and consistency.

Background And Purpose: To evaluate the impact of a deep learning (DL)-assisted interactive contouring tool on inter-observer variability and the time taken to complete tumour contouring.

Materials And Methods: Nine clinicians contoured the gross tumour volume (GTV) using the PET-CT scans of 10 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, either using DL-assisted or manual contouring tools. After contouring a case using one contouring method, the same case was contoured one week later using the other method.

A multicentre retrospective review of SABR reirradiation in rectal cancer recurrence.

Background And Purpose: Locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) is associated with considerable morbidity, poor quality of life and an overall survival of 9 months. The non-operative treatment of LRRC is an understudied area, there is no consensus on management in this setting. We aim to perform a retrospective, multicentre analysis of patients treated with SABR reirradiation.

Considerations for future novel human-infecting coronavirus outbreaks.

Up until, June 13, 2020, >7,500,000 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and >400,000 deaths, across 216 countries, have been confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO). With reference to the two previous beta-CoV outbreaks (SARS-CoV and middle east respiratory syndrome [MERS]), this paper examines the pathophysiological and clinical similarities seen across all three CoVs, with a special interest in the neuroinvasive capability and subsequent consequences for patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors. More widely, we examine the lessons learned from the management of such large-scale crises in the past, specifically looking at the South Korean experience of MERS and the subsequent shift in disaster management response to SARS-CoV-2, based on prior knowledge gained.

Pembrolizumab-associated autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.

Treatment paradigms have recently changed with the introduction of immunotherapy; autoimmune toxicities that can arise are frequently very different from the more familiar chemotherapy toxicities. We present a clinical case of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) secondary to pembrolizumab occurring in a 73-year-old male patient being treated for lung adenocarcinoma, who had received 13 cycles of pembrolizumab. Treatment was immediately stopped and he was treated with high dose steroids to which he responded both clinically and biochemically.

A challenging case of concurrent multiple sclerosis and anaplastic astrocytoma.

Background: Cases of gliomas coexisting with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been described over the past few decades. However, due to the complex clinical and radiological traits inherent to both entities, this concurrent phenomenon remains difficult to diagnose. Much has been debated about whether this coexistence is incidental or mirrors a poorly understood neoplastic phenomenon engaging glial cells in the regions of demyelination.

Pituitary carcinomas: Rare and challenging.

Background: Pituitary carcinomas (PCs) are defined as adenohypophyseal tumors with metastatic activity within and outside the boundaries of the central nervous system (CNS). The condition is rare and therefore seldom reported; most lesions are hormone producing and have a tendency for complex evolution. As such, the management of PCs remains difficult.

Successful application of keratinocyte suspension using autologous fibrin spray.

Objective: The back is a challenging anatomical area to resurface in acute burns due to its large surface area, its dependent position with the patient lying down and the shearing forces applied to any method of resurfacing employed. This case study presents the use of Vivostat (Vivostat A/S, Lillerød, Denmark) in resurfacing the back in conjunction with Recell regenerative epithelial suspension. Vivostat (Vivostat A/S, Lillerød, Denmark) is a "novel patented biotechnological process that enables reproducible preparation of autologous fibrin sealant or platelet rich fibrin without cryoprecipitation or a separate thrombin component" [1].

Prevention of dehydration in hospital inpatients.

Background: The adverse effects of dehydration in hospital inpatients can be severe, resulting in morbidity and even mortality. This study examined the ability of surgical patients in a district general hospital to undertake the seemingly minor but critically important task of taking on oral fluids using the conventional, hospital-supplied, water jug and glass.

Methods: Surgical patients receiving oral fluids were interviewed on two occasions.