Reliable diagnosis of nigrostriatal degeneration by dopamine transporter SPECT despite drug interaction with venlafaxine or bupropion.

Purpose: This study examined the impact of venlafaxine and bupropion on the detection of nigrostriatal degeneration by dopamine transporter (DAT)-SPECT.

Methods: 43 patients (70.7 ± 8.

Effect of cerebral sinus venous thrombosis and its location on cerebral blood flow: a [O]water PET study in acute stroke patients compared to healthy volunteers.

Background: Symptoms in acute cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) are highly variable, ranging from headaches to fatal stroke, and the basis for this high inter-individual variability is poorly understood. The present study aimed to assess whether acute CSVT significantly alters regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), if findings differ from CBF patterns know from large-artery occlusion in stroke, and whether the pattern of CBF alterations depends on clot location. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed 12 patients with acute CSVT 10.

SPECT/CT Accurately Predicts Postoperative Lung Function in Patients with Limited Pulmonary Reserve Undergoing Resection for Lung Cancer.

Preoperative prediction of postoperative pulmonary function after anatomical resection for lung cancer is essential to prevent long-term morbidity and mortality. Here, we compared the accuracy of hybrid single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) with traditional anatomical and planar scintigraphy approaches in predicting postoperative pulmonary function in patients with impaired lung function. We analyzed the predicted postoperative pulmonary function in patients undergoing major anatomical lung resection, applying a segment counting approach, planar perfusion scintigraphy (PPS), and SPECT/CT-based lung function quantification.

Brain perfusion SPECT in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy: is additional ictal SPECT required in case of high-confidence lateralization of the seizure onset zone by interictal SPECT and vice versa?

Background: Ictal brain perfusion SPECT provides higher sensitivity for the identification of the epileptic seizure onset zone (SOZ) than interictal SPECT. However, ictal SPECT is demanding due to the unpredictable waiting period for the next seizure to allow for ictal tracer injection. Thus, starting with an interictal scan and skipping the ictal scan if the interictal scan provides a SOZ candidate with high confidence could be an efficient approach.

Development and preclinical characterization of a novel radiotheranostic EphA2-targeting bicyclic peptide.

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2), is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell-cell interactions. It is known to be overexpressed in various tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. EphA2 has been proposed as a target for theranostic applications.

Deformation-based morphometry applied to FDG PET data reveals hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease.

Cerebral atrophy is a key finding in patients with dementia and usually determined on MRI. We tested whether cerebral atrophy can be imaged with FDG PET by applying deformation-based morphometry (DBM). We retrospectively identified 26 patients with a biomarker-supported clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) who had received FDG PET on a fully-digital PET/CT system and structural MRI and compared them to 13 healthy elderly controls (HEC).

MRI-Based Assessment of Risk for Stroke in Moyamoya Angiopathy (MARS-MMA): An MRI-Based Scoring System for the Severity of Moyamoya Angiopathy.

Before revascularization, moyamoya patients require hemodynamic evaluation. In this study, we evaluated the scoring system , (PIRAMID). We also devised a new scoring system, (MARS-MMA), and compared the scoring systems with respect to the capability to predict impaired [O]water PET cerebral perfusion reserve capacity (CPR).

Targeting TGFβ-activated kinase-1 activation in microglia reduces CAR T immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.

Cancer immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can cause immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). However, the molecular mechanisms leading to ICANS are not well understood. Here we examined the role of microglia using mouse models and cohorts of individuals with ICANS.

Bone marrow disease in rhabdomyosarcoma visualized by 2-[F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Bone marrow metastases-noted in 6% of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma-have been linked to very poor outcomes. Bilateral bone marrow sampling from iliac crests has been the gold standard for bone marrow examination in rhabdomyosarcoma, but sampling errors due to patchy bone marrow involvement may limit its sensitivity. Here, we report the case of a 6-year-old boy with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the skull base and multiple 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-[F]FDG)-avid bone marrow metastases visualized by positron emission tomography and computed tomography (2-[F]FDG PET/CT).

Reserpine-induced rat model for depression: Behavioral, physiological and PET-based dopamine receptor availability validation.

Background: Reserpine (RES), a Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT) inhibitor agent, has been used in preclinical research for many years to create animal models for depression and to test experimental antidepressant strategies. Nevertheless, evidence of the potential use and validity of RES as a chronic pharmacological model for depression is lacking, and there are no comprehensive studies of the behavioral effects in conjunction with molecular outcomes.

Methods: Experiment 1.

Short post-injection seizure duration is associated with reduced power of ictal brain perfusion SPECT to lateralize the seizure onset zone.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the post-injection electrical seizure duration on the identification of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) in ictal brain perfusion SPECT in presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods: 176 ictal SPECT performed with Tc-HMPAO (n = 140) or -ECD (n = 36) were included retrospectively. Visual interpretation of the SPECT images (together with individual MRI and statistical hyperperfusion maps) with respect to lateralization (right, left, none) and localization (temporal, frontal, parietal, occipital) of the SOZ was performed by 3 independent readers.

FDG-PET/CT is a powerful tool to predict and evaluate response to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma (NHL).

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has dramatically shifted the landscape of treatment especially for Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma (NHL). This study evaluates the role of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in NHL treated with CAR T-cell therapy concerning response assessment and prognosis.We evaluated 34 patients with NHL who received a CAR T-cell therapy between August 2019 and July 2022.

Disbalanced recruitment of crossed and uncrossed cerebello-thalamic pathways during deep brain stimulation is predictive of delayed therapy escape in essential tremor.

Background: Thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an efficacious treatment for drug-resistant essential tremor (ET) and the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT) constitutes an important target structure. However, up to 40% of patients habituate and lose treatment efficacy over time, frequently accompanied by a stimulation-induced cerebellar syndrome. The phenomenon termed delayed therapy escape (DTE) is insufficiently understood.

[Dementia with Lewy bodies: old and new knowledge-Part 2: treatment].

Background: The treatment of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is multifaceted, as motor symptoms, cognitive symptoms, behavioral and psychological symptoms can occur in different constellations. In addition, the use of certain medications is limited (e.g.

[Dementia with Lewy bodies: old and new knowledge - Part 1: clinical aspects and diagnostics].

Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Patients with DLB often have a poor prognosis, with worse outcomes than patients with Alzheimer's disease in terms of important parameters, such as quality of life, caregiver burden, health-related costs, frequency of hospital and nursing home admissions, shorter time to severe dementia, and lower survival. The DLB is frequently misdiagnosed and often undertreated.

The metabolic spatial covariance pattern of definite idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: an FDG PET study with principal components analysis.

Identification of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in a collective with suspected neurodegenerative disease is essential. This study aimed to determine the metabolic spatial covariance pattern of iNPH on FDG PET using an established technique based on scaled subprofile model principal components analysis (SSM-PCA).We identified 11 patients with definite iNPH.

Towards Improving the Efficacy of PSMA-Targeting Radionuclide Therapy for Late-Stage Prostate Cancer-Combination Strategies.

Purpose Of Review: [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 is a radiopharmaceutical that emits beta-minus radiation and targets prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive prostate cancer. Despite its clinical success, there are still patients not showing sufficient response rates. This review compiles latest studies aiming at therapy improvement in [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617-naïve and -resistant patients by alternative or combination treatments.

Assessment of Brain Tumour Perfusion Using Early-Phase F-FET PET: Comparison with Perfusion-Weighted MRI.

Purpose: Morphological imaging using MRI is essential for brain tumour diagnostics. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI), as well as amino acid PET, may provide additional information in ambiguous cases. Since PWI is often unavailable in patients referred for amino acid PET, we explored whether maps of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in brain tumours can be extracted from the early phase of PET using O-(2-F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (F-FET).

Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis presenting as cortisone sensible psychosis with reversible leukoencephalopathy.

Introduction: Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) is a frequently discussed neuropsychiatric syndrome with elevated thyroid antibodies in the context of various clinical neuropsychiatric phenotypes. MRI abnormalities are usually nonspecific and treatment can be complex.

Case Study: We present a case of a woman in her sixties with SREAT whose psychosis kept worsening under cortisone tapering.

Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease Are Associated with Neuronal Dysfunction and Not White Matter Lesions.

Background: Cognitive deficits considerably contribute to the patient's burden in Parkinson's disease (PD). While cognitive decline is linked to neuronal dysfunction, the additional role of white matter lesions (WML) is discussed controversially.

Objective: To investigate the influence of WML, in comparison to neuronal dysfunction, on cognitive deficits in PD.