Evaluation of the advanced air mobility potential for organ transplantation in Austria and Germany.

Solid organ transplantation continues to be the only or most efficient therapeutic solution for several end-stage diseases. The success of such transplantation is largely dependent on the swift transportation of organs from donors to recipients, as Cold Ischemia Time (CIT) plays a critical role in determining the recipient's medical outcome. This study explores the potential of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) in the context of organ transplantation in Austria and Germany.

The Influence of N-Acetyl-selenomethionine on Two RONS-Generating Cancer Cell Lines Compared to N-Acetyl-methionine.

Unlabelled: N-acetyl-selenomethionine (NASeLM), a representative of the selenium compounds, failed to convince in clinical studies and cell cultures that it neither inhibits cancer growth nor has a chemoprotective effect. This study aims to find out whether NASeLM shows a growth-inhibiting property compared to the carrier substance N-Acetyl-L-methionine (NALM) on two different cancer cells, namely Jurkat cells and MTC-SK cells.

Methods: Jurkat and MTC-SK cells were cultured in the absence or presence of varying concentrations (0-500 µg/mL) of NASeLM and NALM solutions.

Serine synthesis and catabolism in starved lung cancer and primary bronchial epithelial cells.

Serine and glycine give rise to important building blocks in proliferating cells. Both amino acids are either synthesized de novo or taken up from the extracellular space. In lung cancer, serine synthesis gene expression is variable, yet, expression of the initial enzyme, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), was found to be associated with poor prognosis.

Pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressive agents during hemoperfusion in a sheep model.

Introduction: Hemoadsorption shows promising signals in organ preservation and post lung transplantation. However, its potential impact on the pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressant drugs (ID) is still unknown.

Methods: In this interventional study, CytoSorb® hemoperfusion was tested in healthy sheep ( = 5) against a sham extracorporeal circuit ( = 3).

Different RONS Generation in MTC-SK and NSCL Cells Lead to Varying Antitumoral Effects of Alpha-Ketoglutarate + 5-HMF.

Background: Carbonylated proteins (CPs) serve as specific indicators of increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) production in cancer cells, attributed to the dysregulated mitochondrial energy metabolism known as the Warburg effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and their combination as mitochondrial-targeting antioxidants in MTC-SK or NCI-H23 cancer cells.

Methods: MTC-SK and NCI-H23 cells were cultured in the absence or presence of varying concentrations (0-500 µg/mL) of aKG, 5-HMF, and the combined aKG + 5-HMF solutions.

Genetic Modulation: Future Trends Toward Graft Optimization During Machine Perfusion.

Dynamic preservation methods such as normothermic, subnormothermic, and hypothermic machine perfusion circuits have emerged as viable alternatives to conventional static cold storage. These organ perfusion technologies serve as preservation methods and enable organ assessment, reconditioning, and repair before transplantation. Gene therapy is a novel strategy with the potential to transform the field of graft optimization and treatment.

A combined computational and functional approach identifies IGF2BP2 as a driver of chemoresistance in a wide array of pre-clinical models of colorectal cancer.

Aim: Chemoresistance is a major cause of treatment failure in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. In this study, the impact of the IGF2BP family of RNA-binding proteins on CRC chemoresistance was investigated using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches.

Methods: Gene expression data from a well-characterized cohort and publicly available cross-linking immunoprecipitation sequencing (CLIP-Seq) data were collected.

Transplanting a left or right donor kidney into the left or right iliac fossa: importance of laterality and site of venous anastomosis.

Data on the impact of donor-to-recipient laterality on kidney transplantation are lacking. This study evaluated the impact of donor-to-iliac fossa laterality and the site of venous anastomosis on operating time and surgical outcome. This retrospective single-center study analyzed 1262 deceased donor adult kidney transplants into pristine iliac fossa.

Probiotic Supplementation Attenuates Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in an Experimental Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis Rat Model.

The use of chemotherapeutic agents is of paramount importance when treating colorectal cancer (CRC). Unfortunately, one of the most frequent chemotherapy (CTx) side effects is intestinal mucositis (IM), which may present with several clinical symptoms such as nausea, bloating, vomiting, pain, and diarrhea and even can result in life-threatening complications. There is a focused scientific effort towards developing new therapies to prevent and treat IM.

Experimental Static Cold Storage of the Rat Uterus: Protective Effects of Relaxin- or Erythropoietin-Supplemented HTK-N Solutions.

Uterus transplantation (UTx) is the only treatment method for women with absolute uterine infertility. Currently, the number of grafts retrieved from deceased donors is increasing; hence, prolonged cold ischemia time is inevitable. Thus, this study was designed to assess the effect of the novel relaxin (RLN)- or erythropoietin (EPO)-supplemented Custodiol-N (HTK-N) solutions in an experimental uterus static cold storage (SCS) model.

Machine Perfusion in Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Liver transplantation (LTx) is the only treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease. Novel organ preservation techniques such as hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) or normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) are under investigation in order to improve organ quality from extended criteria donors and donors after circulatory death. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature reporting LTx outcomes using NMP or HMP compared to static cold storage (SCS).

Alpha-Ketoglutarate or 5-HMF: Single Compounds Effectively Eliminate Leukemia Cells via Caspase-3 Apoptosis and Antioxidative Pathways.

Background: We recently showed that a combined solution containing alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) and 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF) has a solid antitumoral effect on the Jurkat cell line due to the fact of its antioxidative, caspase-3 and apoptosis activities, but no negative effect on human fibroblasts was obtained. The question arises how the single compounds, aKG and 5-HMF, affect peroxynitrite (ONOO) and nitration of tyrosine residues, Jurkat cell proliferation and caspase-activated apoptosis.

Methods: The ONOO luminol-induced chemiluminescence reaction was used to measure the ONOO scavenging function of aKG or 5-HMF, and their protection against nitration of tyrosine residues on bovine serum albumin was estimated with the ELISA technique.

Relaxin and Erythropoietin Significantly Reduce Uterine Tissue Damage during Experimental Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Successful uterus transplantation, a potential treatment method for women suffering from absolute uterine infertility, is negatively affected by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of relaxin (RLX) or/and erythropoietin (EPO) on experimental uterus IRI. Eighty rats, randomly assigned into eight groups ( = 10/group), were pretreated with either saline, 5 μg/kg human relaxin-2, 4000 IU/kg recombinant human erythropoietin or their combination.

Circulating microRNAs as molecular biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as molecular tumor biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis in lung cancer is still unclear.

Objective: To analyze expression of miRNAs in A549 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells and in primary, non-malignant bronchial epithelial (BE) cells from healthy donors. To analyze the most prominently deregulated miRNAs in plasma samples of LUAD patients and healthy donors.

Necroptosis in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Literature Overview.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is encountered in various stages during solid organ transplantation (SOT). IRI is known to be a multifactorial inflammatory condition involving hypoxia, metabolic stress, leukocyte extravasation, cellular death (including apoptosis, necrosis and necroptosis) and an activation of immune response. Although the cycle of sterile inflammation during IRI is consistent among different organs, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

B Cell Composition Is Altered After Kidney Transplantation and Transitional B Cells Correlate With SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has major implications on kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) since they show increased mortality due to impaired immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and a reduced efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Surprisingly, dialysis patients have shown superior seroconversion rates after vaccination compared to KTRs. Therefore, we investigated peripheral blood B cell (BC) composition before and after kidney transplantation (KT) and aimed to screen the BC compartment to explain impaired antibody generation.

Kidney Machine Perfusion: Therapeutic Potential.

Kidney transplantation remains the gold standard treatment for patients suffering from end-stage kidney disease. To meet the constantly growing organ demands grafts donated after circulatory death (DCD) or retrieved from extended criteria donors (ECD) are increasingly utilized. Not surprisingly, usage of those organs is challenging due to their susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury, high immunogenicity, and demanding immune regulation after implantation.

Alpha-Ketoglutarate and 5-HMF: A Potential Anti-Tumoral Combination against Leukemia Cells.

We have recently shown that a combined solution containing alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) and 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF) might have anti-tumoral potential due to its antioxidative activities. The question arises if these substances have caspase-3- and apoptosis-activating effects on the cell proliferation in Jurkat and HF-SAR cells. Antioxidative capacity of several combined aKG + 5-HMF solution was estimated by cigarette smoke radical oxidized proteins of fetal calf serum (FCS) using the estimation of carbonylated proteins.

Custodiol Supplemented with Synthetic Human Relaxin Decreases Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury after Porcine Kidney Transplantation.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable after kidney transplantation (KT), impairing outcomes. Relaxin-2 (RLX) is a promising insulin-related peptide hormone that protects against renal IRI in rodents, although large animal models are needed before RLX can be tested in a human setting. In this blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled experimental study kidneys from 19 donor pigs were retrieved after perfusion with Custodiol ± RLX (5 or 20 nmol/L) and underwent static cold storage (SCS) for 24 and 48 h, respectively.

Ischemic Preconditioning for Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: In recent decades, liver transplantation (LTx) has increased the survival and quality of life of patients with end-stage organ failure. Unfortunately, LTx is limited due to the shortage of donors. A lot of effort is put into finding new ways to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in liver grafts to increase the number of suitable organs procured from expanded-criteria donors (ECD).

Combating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury with Micronutrients and Natural Compounds during Solid Organ Transplantation: Data of Clinical Trials and Lessons of Preclinical Findings.

Although extended donor criteria grafts bear a higher risk of complications such as graft dysfunction, the exceeding demand requires to extent the pool of potential donors. The risk of complications is highly associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury, a condition characterized by high loads of oxidative stress exceeding antioxidative defense mechanisms. The antioxidative properties, along with other beneficial effects like anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic or antiarrhythmic effects of several micronutrients and natural compounds, have recently emerged increasing research interest resulting in various preclinical and clinical studies.

The Impact of Probiotics on Intestinal Mucositis during Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Animal Studies.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in females (incidence 16.4/10,000) and the third in males (incidence 23.4/10,000) worldwide.