Plant Phytochrome Interactions Decode Light and Temperature Signals.

Plant phytochromes perceive red and far-red light to elicit adaptations to the changing environment. Downstream physiological responses revolve around red-light-induced interactions with phytochrome-interacting factors (PIF). Phytochromes double as thermoreceptors, owing to the pronounced temperature dependence of thermal reversion from the light-adapted Pfr to the dark-adapted Pr state.

Activation of Ge-H and Sn-H Bonds with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene.

A study of the reactivity of several N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene 1-(2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylidene (cAAC ) with the group 14 hydrides GeH Mes and SnH Me (Me=CH , Mes=1,3,5-(CH ) C H ) is presented. The reaction of GeH Mes with cAAC led to the insertion of cAAC into one Ge-H bond to give cAAC H-GeHMes (1). If 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene (Me Im ) was used as the carbene, NHC-mediated dehydrogenative coupling occurred, which led to the NHC-stabilized germylene Me Im ⋅GeMes (2).

-heterocyclic carbene and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene adducts of plumbanes and plumbylenes.

-acid/base adducts of -heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene cAAC (1-(2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylidene) with selected lead(II) and lead(IV) compounds are presented. The reaction of the NHCs MeIm (1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene), iPrIm (1,3-di-isopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene), DippIm (1,3-bis-(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene) and cAAC (1-(2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylidene) with PbI yielded the NHC-containing plumbylenes NHC·PbI (NHC = MeIm (1), iPrIm (2), DippIm (3) and cAAC·PbI (4)). Using the Pb(IV) compound PbClPh, the plumbane adducts NHC·PbClPh (NHC = MeIm (5), iPrIm (6), DippIm (7)) and cAAC·PbClPh (8)) were isolated in high yields.

Hypohydration but not menstrual phase influences pain perception in healthy women.

Chronic pain is a pervasive health problem and is associated with tremendous socioeconomic costs. However, current pain treatments are often ineffective due, in part, to the multifactorial nature of pain. Mild hypohydration was shown to increase experimental pain sensitivity in men, but whether this also occurs in women has not been examined.

Misinformation effects in an online sample: results of an experimental study with a five day retention interval.

Traditional face-to-face laboratory studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of how misinformation effects develop. However, an area of emerging concern that has been relatively under-researched is the impact of misinformation following exposure to traumatic events that are viewed online. Here we describe a novel method for investigating misinformation effects in an online context.

Tunneling Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis of Supramolecular Self-Responsive Nanocomposites.

A big step forward for composite application in the sector of structural materials is given by the use of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with hydrogen bonding moieties, such as barbiturate and thymine, to activate self-healing mechanisms and integrate additional functionalities. These materials with multiple healing properties at the same damaged site, imparted by hydrogen bonds, will also have the potential to improve material reliability, extend the service life, reduce replacement costs, and improve product safety. This revolutionary approach is obtained by integrating the non-covalent interactions coupled with the conventional covalent approach used to cross-link the polymer.

Activation of a Copper Biscarbene Mechano-Catalyst Using Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Supported by Quantum Chemical Calculations.

Single-molecule force spectroscopy allows investigation of the effect of mechanical force on individual bonds. By determining the forces necessary to sufficiently activate bonds to trigger dissociation, it is possible to predict the behavior of mechanophores. The force necessary to activate a copper biscarbene mechano-catalyst intended for self-healing materials was measured.

Self-Diagnostic Polymers-Inline Detection of Thermal Degradation of Unsaturated Poly(ester imide)s.

Monitoring polymer degradation is an important quest, particularly relevant for industry. Although many indirect methodologies for assessing polymer degradation exist, only few are applicable for an inline-monitoring via optic detection-systems. An inline-monitoring system is introduced for the thermal degradation of crosslinked poly(ester imide)s (PEIs) by embedding trifluoroacetyl functionalized stilbene molecules, serving as chemosensors to track the release of generated alcoholic byproducts.

To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions.

Social exclusion enhances affiliative signaling.

Reciprocating smiles is important for maintaining social bonds as it both signals affiliative intent and elicits affiliative responses. Feelings of social exclusion may increase mimicry as a means to regulate affiliative bonds with others. In this study, we examined whether feelings of exclusion lead people to selectively reciprocate the facial expressions of more affiliative-looking people.

Pain Across the Menstrual Cycle: Considerations of Hydration.

Chronic pain - pain that persists for more than 3 months - is a global health problem and is associated with tremendous social and economic cost. Yet, current pain treatments are often ineffective, as pain is complex and influenced by numerous factors. Hypohydration was recently shown to increase ratings of pain in men, but studies in this area are limited ( = 3).

Facial electromyography and subjective liking data from 70 New Zealand participants in response to food images and chocolate samples.

This article describes a dataset of facial electromyography and subjective liking data from 70 New Zealand participants used in the study "An unfamiliar presence reduces facial disgust responses to food stimuli" by Nath, Cannon and Philipp [1]. Participants' facial muscle activity from zygomaticus major, corrugator supercilii, and levator labii superioris was recorded as they viewed and rated food images, and tasted samples of chocolate. Half of the participants were seated alone, and the other half was seated in the presence of the researcher.

Detection of stress in polymers: mechanochemical activation of CuAAC click reactions in poly(urethane) networks.

We report on copper(i)-bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)s (NHC) for quantitative stress-sensing, embedded within polyurethane networks, triggering a fluorogenic copper(i) azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of 8-azido-2-naphtol and 3-hydroxy phenylacetylene. A completely transparent, force responsive poly(urethane) material is generated, allowing a quantification of the applied stress.

An unfamiliar social presence reduces facial disgust responses to food stimuli.

Consumers' emotional responses complement sensory and hedonic ratings in the prediction of food choice and consumption behaviour. The challenge with the measurement of consumption emotions is that emotions are highly context dependent. For emotion evaluations to bring greater insight to food research and development, it is essential that the influence of contextual variables on emotion are quantified.

Reversible Self-Healing Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Structural Applications.

Reversible Hydrogen Bonds (RHB) have been explored to confer self-healing function to multifunctional nanocomposites. This study has been carried out through a sequence of different steps. Hydrogen bonding moieties, with the intrinsic ability to simultaneously perform the functions of both hydrogen donors and acceptors, have been covalently attached to the walls of carbon nanotubes.

Synthesis and Mechanochemical Activity of Peptide-Based Cu(I) Bis(-heterocyclic carbene) Complexes.

With the class of shock-absorbing proteins, nature created some of the most robust materials combining both mechanical strength and elasticity. Their excellent ability to dissipate energy to prevent surrounding cells from damage is an interesting property that regularly is exploited for applications in biomimetic materials. Similar to biomaterials, where mechanical stimuli are transmitted into a (bio)chemical response, mechanophoric catalysts transform mechanical energy into a chemical reaction.

Mechanochemical Activation of Fluorogenic CuAAC "Click" Reactions for Stress-Sensing Applications.

Strategies for visualizing stress within polymeric materials are of growing interest during the past decade. In this paper, stress-sensing materials, triggered by a mechanoresponsive catalytic system based on latent copper(I)bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) mechanophores, are reported, which can be activated by compression force to trigger a fluorogenic copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne/azide "click" cycloaddition reaction, activating a fluorescent dye useful for stress-sensing applications in bulk polymeric materials. The focus is placed on the polymeric architecture, which is responsible for an efficient stress transmission, revealing the greatest activation for network-based mechanocatalysts, observing "click" conversions up to 44%, while chain-extended and linear mechanocatalysts activate either in a less efficient manner or are not completely latent in the initial state.

Registered Replication Report: Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998).

Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998) reported that participants primed with a category associated with intelligence ("professor") subsequently performed 13% better on a trivia test than participants primed with a category associated with a lack of intelligence ("soccer hooligans"). In two unpublished replications of this study designed to verify the appropriate testing procedures, Dijksterhuis, van Knippenberg, and Holland observed a smaller difference between conditions (2%-3%) as well as a gender difference: Men showed the effect (9.3% and 7.

CuAAC-Based Click Chemistry in Self-Healing Polymers.

Click chemistry has emerged as a significant tool for materials science, organic chemistry, and bioscience. Based on the initial concept of Barry Sharpless in 2001, the copper(I)-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has triggered a plethora of chemical concepts for linking molecules and building blocks under ambient conditions, forming the basis for applications in autonomous cross-linking materials. Self-healing systems on the other hand are often based on mild cross-linking chemistries that are able to react either autonomously or upon an external trigger.

What Makes for the Most Intense Regrets? Comparing the Effects of Several Theoretical Predictors of Regret Intensity.

Several theories have been proposed to account for variation in the intensity of life regrets. Variables hypothesized to affect the intensity of regret include: whether the regretted decision was an action or an inaction, the degree to which the decision was justified, and the life domain of the regret. No previous study has compared the effects of these key predictors in a single model in order to identify which are most strongly associated with the intensity of life regret.

The "Health Benefits" of Moderate Drinking in Older Adults may be Better Explained by Socioeconomic Status.

Objectives: To assess whether a relationship between alcohol use and health exists for older adults before and after controlling for proxy and full indicators of socioeconomic status (SES).

Method: Secondary analysis of data from 2,908 participants in the New Zealand Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2012) completing measures of alcohol use, health, SES proxies (income, education) and SES. Sample mean age was 65, 52% were female, more than 80% were drinkers, and more than 75% had educational qualifications.

Library of Azabenz-Annulated Core-Extended Perylene Derivatives with Diverse Substitution Patterns and Tunable Electronic and Optical Properties.

Here, we present a collection of different azabenz-annulated perylene derivatives. By developing new synthetic strategies and improving existing protocols, we have expanded the structural diversity of these dye molecules to a multifunctional class of ligating chromophores. The Pictet-Spengler (PS) reaction of 1-amino-perylenes with different aldehydes is used to modify the terminal substitution pattern.

A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect.

Good self-control has been linked to adaptive outcomes such as better health, cohesive personal relationships, success in the workplace and at school, and less susceptibility to crime and addictions. In contrast, self-control failure is linked to maladaptive outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms by which self-control predicts behavior may assist in promoting better regulation and outcomes.

A preliminary study on how hypohydration affects pain perception.

Chronic pain is a prevalent health issue with one in five people suffering from some form of chronic pain, with loss of productivity and medical costs of chronic pain considerable. However, the treatment of pain can be difficult, as pain perception is complex and can be affected by factors other than tissue damage. This study investigated the effect of hypohydration (mild, voluntary dehydration from ∼24 h of limiting fluid intake, mimicking someone drinking less than usual) on a person's pain perception.