Immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: an abridged Cochrane review.

Objectives: To assess the effects of immunotherapy compared to chemotherapy as first- and second-line treatment of advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Methods: Based on a published protocol, we performed a systematic search of multiple databases. Two review authors independently performed the literature selection, identified relevant studies, assessed the eligibility of studies for inclusion, and extracted data.

First-line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Since the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the treatment landscape for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed fundamentally. Today, combined therapies from different drug categories have a firm place in a complex first-line therapy. Due to the large number of drugs available, it is necessary to identify the most effective therapies, whilst considering their side effects and impact on quality of life (QoL).

Combination of radiation and immunotherapy in the treatment of genitourinary malignancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Due to possible synergistic effects, the combination of radiation therapy (RT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represents an interesting therapeutic option. An increasing number of clinical trials are ongoing to investigate this combination in genitourinary malignancies and the first results are available.

Objectives: To review and summarize available data on the combination of RT and ICI in genitourinary malignancies and update the evidence for this potential therapeutic approach.

[Organoids as a milestone on the way to personalized treatment of urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review].

Background: The treatment options for locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) are currently limited to established chemotherapy and immunotherapy protocols. Targeted treatment is so far restricted to a small subgroup of patients. Urothelial organoid systems could make a decisive contribution in establishing effective personalized treatment options by enabling drug response prediction through testing the sensitivity of individual patients.

Narrow band imaging versus white light cystoscopy alone for transurethral resection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Background: Disease recurrence and progression remain major challenges for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an optical enhancement technique that may improve resection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and thereby lead to better outcomes for people undergoing the procedure.  OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of NBI- and white light cystoscopy (WLC)-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) compared to WLC-guided TURBT in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Blue vs white light for transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an abridged Cochrane Review.

Objectives: To assess the effects of blue-light (BL)-enhanced transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) compared to white-light (WL)-based TURBT in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Methods: Based on a published protocol, we performed a systematic search of multiple databases from their inception to March 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing blue-light (BL) TURBT to white-light (WL) TURBT.

Evaluation of Pre-operative Biopsy, Surgical Procedures and Oncologic Outcomes in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC).

Discordance between pre-operative biopsy and final pathology for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC) is high and optimal management remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of pre-operative biopsy, to identify prognostic factors and to evaluate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival and oncologic outcome in UTUC. We analyzed records of patients receiving surgical treatment for UTUC.

Blue versus white light for transurethral resection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Background: Disease recurrence and progression remain major challenges in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Blue light-enhanced transurethral resection of bladder cancer (TURBT) is an approach to improve staging and achieve a complete resection of NMIBC.

Objectives: To assess the effects of blue light-enhanced TURBT compared to white light-based TURBT in the treatment of NMIBC.

Intravesical gemcitabine for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: An abridged Cochrane Review.

Purpose: To assess the comparative effectiveness and toxicity of intravesical gemcitabine instillation for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Materials And Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search on 11 September 2020. We included RCTs in which participants received intravesical gemcitabine for primary or recurrent NMIBC.

Intravesical gemcitabine for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Background: It remains unclear whether people with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) benefit from intravesical gemcitabine compared to other agents in the primary or recurrent setting following transurethral resection of a bladder tumor. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2012. Since that time, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been reported, making this update relevant.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using the AGREE II Instrument.

Context: Numerous health care organizations have established guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. However, the lack of a standardized guideline development approach results in considerable differences of the guidelines' methodological quality.

Objective: To assess the methodological quality of all relevant clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for urinary bladder cancer and provide a reference for clinicians in choosing guidelines of high methodological quality.

Radiation therapy before radical cystectomy combined with immunotherapy in locally advanced bladder cancer - study protocol of a prospective, single arm, multicenter phase II trial (RACE IT).

Background: Patients with locally advanced bladder cancer (cT3/4 cN0/N+ cM0) have a poor prognosis despite radical surgical therapy and perioperative chemotherapy. Preliminary data suggest that the combination of radiation and immunotherapy does not lead to excess toxicity and may have synergistic (abscopal) anti-tumor effects. We hypothesize that the combined preoperative application of the PD-1 checkpoint-inhibitor Nivolumab with concomitant radiation therapy of the bladder and pelvic region followed by radical cystectomy with standardized lymphadenectomy is safe and feasible and might improve outcome for patients with locally advanced bladder cancer.

[50 years of systemic therapy of urinary bladder cancer].

This review summarises the treatment strategies of the last five decades for metastatic urothelial cancer. The introduction of combination chemotherapy in the mid-1980s led to clinically significant response rates and prolonged survival. Two years ago, the results of a phase-3 clinical trial with the PD1 inhibitor pembrolizumab for second-line treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma were published.

Classification of additives for organic photovoltaic devices.

The use of additives to improve the performance of organic photovoltaic cells has been intensely researched in recent years. However, so far, no system has been reported for the classification of additives and their functions. In this report, a system for classifying additives according to the fundamental mechanism by which they influence microstructure formation for P3HT:PCBM is suggested.

Transparent cellulose sheets as synthesis matrices for inorganic functional particles.

Transparent cellulose sheets were prepared through tape-casting a solution of cellulose. Flexible, luminescent sheets were produced by adding europium trichloride to the casting solution and treating the sheets with an aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride. Scanning electron micrographs of the resulting sheets showed europium trifluoride particles with diameters from 200nm to 500nm.