Inadvertent, Self-Induced Pneumoparotitis Provoking Pneumomediastinum.

Pneumoparotid refers to the presence of air within the parotid gland and pneumoparotitis indicates overlying inflammation or infection. Several physiologic mechanisms exist to prevent the reflux of air and oral contents into the parotid gland, however, these safeguards can be overcome by high intraoral pressures, thus provoking pneumoparotid. Whereas the relationship between pneumomediastinum and air dissecting up into cervical tissues is well understood, the relationship between pneumoparotitis and free air traveling downwards through contiguous structures within the mediastinum is less defined.

Virtual Residency Interviews during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Applicant's Perspective.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on medical education at all levels, particularly on applicants applying to residency programs. The objective of the study was to gain a comprehensive understanding of applicants' perspectives on virtual interviews in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We conducted a quantitative survey and a qualitative study between March and April 2021.

Intraoperative stretching microbreaks reduce surgery-related musculoskeletal pain in otolaryngologists.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the role intraoperative otolaryngology stretching microbreak (OSMB) has on musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and discomfort in otolaryngologists.

Background: Otolaryngology procedures subject surgeons to significant amounts of pain and strain over their years of training. MSK pain is a serious concern for otolaryngologists' career longevity as well as their general wellbeing.

Complications associated with PEAK PlasmaBlade from 2010 to 2020 from MAUDE.

The pulse-electron avalanche knife (PEAK) PlasmaBlade 3.0 and 4.0 (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) is an electrosurgical technology that is widely used in surgery.

Social Media Use by Residents and Faculty in Otolaryngology Training Programs.

Objectives: Despite the growth of social media in healthcare, the appropriateness of online friendships between otolaryngological residents and attendings is poorly defined in the current literature. This issue is of growing importance, particularly as residency programs increasingly utilize social media as a means of connecting with and evaluating applicants due to limited in-person experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to better understand the prevalence of and concerns surrounding social media use between residents and faculty.

Did More Otolaryngology Residency Applicants Match at Their Home Institutions in 2021? Investigating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To compare the proportion of applicants who matched to their home otolaryngology program during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the previous 5 years.

Methods: A "home program match" status was identified for residents in each PGY level and in incoming interns. The "home match proportion" (HMP) was then calculated for each program for each year from 2016 to 2021.

I'm All Ears: A Population-Based Analysis of Consumer Product Foreign Bodies of the Ear.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the nationwide incidence of ear foreign body (FB) presentations to the emergency department (ED) and analyze the most common FB consumer products encountered.

Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was evaluated for ED visits that included "ear foreign bodies" from 2010 through 2019. The most frequent foreign bodies were identified and organized by demographics.

Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancer.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has historically been attributable to tobacco and alcohol exposure and saw a decline in incidence after societal norms shifted away from smoking. In recent decades, this disease has had a re-emergence due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, now surpassing cervical cancer as the number 1 cause of HPV-related cancer in the United States. HPV-positive OPSCC differs from HPV-negative disease in epidemiology, prognosis, treatment, and prevention.

Temporomandibular disorder treatment algorithm for otolaryngologists.

Objective: To review current literature describing the management of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and to propose an evidence-based algorithm for otolaryngologists.

Data Sources: A literature review using PubMed and Scopus was conducted to identify manuscripts that describe TMJ disorder etiology, diagnostic methods, and management across the fields of otolaryngology, general practice medicine, physical therapy, dentistry, and maxillofacial surgery.

Review Methods: Two reviewers subjectively evaluated the studies based on the inclusion criteria, incorporating them into a comprehensive algorithm.

Perceived Impact of USMLE Step 1 Score Reporting to Pass/Fail on Otolaryngology Applicant Selection.

Objectives: Recently, the decision was made to transition the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 score from a three-digit numerical score to a pass/fail system. Historically, Step 1 scores have been important for otolaryngology resident applicant selection. The purpose of this study was to understand and evaluate otolaryngology residency program directors' (OPDs) opinions on the impact following the change in Step 1 score reporting.

A Qualitative Study of Developing Competency in Thyroid Surgery: A Resident's Perspective With 5 Year Follow Up.

Objectives: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has guidelines on assessing surgical qualifications based on experience. Attending surgeons have various assumptions on how their trainees learn and acquire surgical skills. This study primarily investigates the resident's perspective on gaining experience and achieving competency in thyroid surgical procedures.

Using Computer-Assisted Instruction to Increase Otolaryngology Education During Medical School.

Introduction: A quarter of all complaints seen in adult primary care and half of all complaints seen in pediatric primary care are otolaryngology related. Even though half of all medical students enter primary care fields, there is no standardized curriculum for otolaryngology during medical school. Due to increasing limitations on specialty teaching during general medical education, computer-assisted instruction has been suggested as a format for increasing exposure to otolaryngology.

Optimization of COVID-19 testing accuracy with nasal anatomy education.

Importance: Adequate sampling of the nasopharynx is crucial to performing accurate SARS-CoV-2 (COVID) testing. Formalized education of nasal anatomy may improve provider testing technique and reduce false-negative test results.

Objective: To assess the effect of nasal anatomy education on medical providers' comfort level and knowledge base in performing accurate SARS-CoV-2 (COVID) testing.

Head and Neck Cancer Screening Events Are a Mixed Bag, in Response to: "Follow-Up Phone Interviews and Attendance Motivation From A Free Head and Neck Cancer Screening".

We read with great interest, "Follow-Up Phone Interviews and Attendance Motivation From A Free Head and Neck Cancer Screening." Having recently hosted a community head and neck cancer screening event and shared these findings with the otolaryngology community, we greatly appreciate this most recent contribution to the ongoing discussion. Identifying the motivational factors for being screened is a valuable addition to the literature, as these are important considerations for institutions seeking to hold their own head and neck cancer screening events.

Building Community Relations and Promoting Cancer Prevention: An Oral Cancer Screening Event.

Communities often call upon their university hospitals to help with health screening events. Otolaryngologists can play an important role in prevention and education. We recently evaluated 285 community members at an oral cancer screening event at a community health "expo.

Adverse events associated with the Inspire implantable hypoglossal nerve stimulator: A MAUDE database review.

Background: Implantable hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) has been found to be a safe and effective therapy for patients with obstructive sleep apnea, and patient adherence to treatment has been found to be as high as 86% after 12 months of therapy.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the medical device reports (MDRs) submitted to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Manufacturer and User Device Facility Experience (MAUDE) database to identify adverse events related to HNS therapy that could hinder compliance.

Methods: A search of the FDA MAUDE database was conducted using the product code "MNQ" for "Inspire stimulator for sleep apnea.

Assessing Medical Student Basic Otolaryngology Knowledge: A Multi-Institutional Study.

The prevalence of otolaryngologic complaints in general practice is disproportionate to the extent of otolaryngology teaching in undergraduate medical education. This is the first multi-institutional validated study used to assess basic otolaryngology knowledge among medical students in order to understand their abilities to recognize and manage these cases. A 9-question, psychometrically validated, multiple-choice quiz was distributed in June 2017 to medical students of 9 US allopathic institutions as an assessment of basic otolaryngology knowledge.

The patient's perioperative perspective during the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot study.

Purpose: This study aims to determine patients' pre-operative and post-operative experiences relating to surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), while understanding how patients' perceptions influence their outcome and satisfaction.

Methods: This is a phenomenological qualitative study using a semi-structured interview to evaluate patients who failed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and underwent airway surgery. Meaningful codes from the interviews were organized into overarching themes of patient experiences.

Medical Students and Staff Physicians: The Question of Social Media.

Social media's prevalence among the professional world is rapidly increasing. Its use among medical personnel-specifically, medical students, resident physicians, and staff physicians-could compromise personal-professional boundaries. Could the acceptance or lack of acceptance of a friend request bias the medical student application process? If friend requests are accepted, then medical students, resident physicians, and staff physicians are provided access to very personal aspects of one another's lives, which may not have been the intent.

Surgical Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Surgical management of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea is indicated when a surgically correctable abnormality is believed to be the source of the problem. Many patients opt for surgical treatment after noninvasive forms of treatment have been proven ineffective or difficult to tolerate. With increasing frequency, functional rhinoplasty, septoplasty, turbinoplasty, palatal surgery, and orthognathic surgery are being used in the management of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.

Age of Bioterrorism: Are You Prepared? Review of Bioweapons and Their Clinical Presentation for Otolaryngologists.

Objectives: This review on Category A bioweapons is intended to help otolaryngologists (1) understand the concepts of bioterrorism, (2) identify a bioterrorism attack, and (3) recognize specific otolaryngologic symptoms and signs of Category A bioweapons.

Data Sources: PubMed and Medline databases.

Review Methods: Review of current literature regarding Category A agents of biological warfare and their relationships to otolaryngology was performed using PubMed, Medline, and articles written by experts in the field of bioterrorism.