Relationship between Neonatal Cerebral Fuels and Neurosensory Outcomes at 3 Years in Well Babies: Follow-Up of the Glucose in Well Babies (GLOW) Study.

Introduction: We sought to investigate if the availability of cerebral fuels soon after birth in healthy term babies was associated with developmental progress at 3 years of age.

Methods: Healthy term babies had plasma glucose, lactate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations measured over the first 5 days. At 3 years, parents completed Ages and Stages (ASQ-3) questionnaires between December 2018 and August 2022.

Role of beta-hydroxybutyrate measurement in the evaluation of plasma glucose concentrations in newborn infants.

Objective: The Glucose in Well Babies (GLOW) Study showed that there are two phases of low glucose concentrations in healthy newborn infants: an initial phase in which plasma concentrations of ketones are low; and a second phase in which low glucose concentrations are accompanied by elevated concentrations of ketones. The implications of these two phases for the brain differ depending on whether ketones are available as alternative substrate for brain metabolism. The purpose of this study was to estimate the duration of these two phases of neonatal low glucose concentrations in 66 healthy breastfed newborns from the GLOW Study during the first 5 days of life.

Relationships between feeding and glucose concentrations in healthy term infants during the first five days after birth-the Glucose in Well Babies Study (GLOW).

Background: The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding be commenced as soon as possible after birth. Amongst other benefits, early feeding is expected to support the metabolic transition after birth, but effects on blood glucose concentrations are controversial. We sought to describe the changes in interstitial glucose concentrations after feedings over the first five postnatal days.

Cortical tau is associated with microstructural imaging biomarkers of neurite density and dendritic complexity in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: In Alzheimer's disease (AD), hyperphosphorylated tau is closely associated with focal neurodegeneration, but the mechanism remains uncertain.

Methods: We quantified cortical microstructure using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in 14 individuals with young onset AD. Diffusion tensor imaging measured mean diffusivity (MD).

The PSEN1 E280G mutation leads to increased amyloid-β43 production in induced pluripotent stem cell neurons and deposition in brain tissue.

Mutations in the presenilin 1 gene, which cause familial Alzheimer's disease alter the processing of amyloid precursor protein, leading to the generation of various amyloid-β peptide species. These species differ in their potential for aggregation. Mutation-specific amyloid-β peptide profiles may thereby influence pathogenicity and clinical heterogeneity.

Feeding Patterns of Healthy Term Newborns in the First 5 Days-The Glucose in Well Babies Study (GLOW).

Background: The feeding patterns of healthy newborns have been poorly described.

Research Aim: To determine the feeding patterns of healthy term newborns soon after birth, and if these differed with sex, gestation, and mode of birth.

Methods: This study was a prospective, longitudinal observational cohort study.

Oral dextrose gel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants.

Background: Neonatal hypoglycaemia, a common condition, can be associated with brain injury. It is frequently managed by providing infants with an alternative source of glucose, often given enterally with milk-feeding or intravenously with dextrose solution, which may decrease breastfeeding success. Intravenous dextrose also often requires that mother and baby are cared for in separate environments.

Visual short-term memory impairments in presymptomatic familial Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal observational study.

Visual short-term memory (VSTM) deficits including VSTM binding have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) from preclinical to dementia stages, cross-sectionally. Yet, longitudinal investigations are lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate VSTM function longitudinally and in relation to expected symptom onset in a cohort of familial Alzheimer's disease.

Plasma amyloid-β ratios in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease: the influence of genotype.

In vitro studies of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease implicate longer amyloid-β peptides in disease pathogenesis; however, less is known about the behaviour of these mutations in vivo. In this cross-sectional cohort study, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to analyse 66 plasma samples from individuals who were at risk of inheriting a mutation or were symptomatic. We tested for differences in amyloid-β (Aβ)42:38, Aβ42:40 and Aβ38:40 ratios between presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) carriers.

Visuomotor integration deficits are common to familial and sporadic preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

We investigated whether subtle visuomotor deficits were detectable in familial and sporadic preclinical Alzheimer's disease. A circle-tracing task-with direct and indirect visual feedback, and dual-task subtraction-was completed by 31 individuals at 50% risk of familial Alzheimer's disease (19 presymptomatic mutation carriers; 12 non-carriers) and 390 cognitively normal older adults (members of the British 1946 Birth Cohort, all born during the same week; age range at assessment = 69-71 years), who also underwent β-amyloid-PET/MRI to derive amyloid status (positive/negative), whole-brain volume and white matter hyperintensity volume. We compared preclinical Alzheimer's groups against controls cross-sectionally (mutation carriers versus non-carriers; amyloid-positive versus amyloid-negative) on speed and accuracy of circle-tracing and subtraction.

Alternative Cerebral Fuels in the First Five Days in Healthy Term Infants: The Glucose in Well Babies (GLOW) Study.

Objectives: To determine plasma lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations of healthy infants in the first 5 days and their relationships with glucose concentrations.

Study Design: Prospective masked observational study in Hamilton, New Zealand. Term, appropriately grown singletons had heel-prick blood samples, 4 in the first 24 hours then twice daily.

Quantitative detection and staging of presymptomatic cognitive decline in familial Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: Understanding the earliest manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is key to realising disease-modifying treatments. Advances in neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers have improved our ability to identify AD pathology in vivo. The critical next step is improved detection and staging of early cognitive change.

Measuring cortical mean diffusivity to assess early microstructural cortical change in presymptomatic familial Alzheimer's disease.

Background: There is increasing interest in improving understanding of the timing and nature of early neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and developing methods to measure this in vivo. Autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) provides the opportunity for investigation of presymptomatic change. We assessed early microstructural breakdown of cortical grey matter in FAD with diffusion-weighted MRI.

Plasma phospho-tau181 in presymptomatic and symptomatic familial Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal cohort study.

Blood biomarkers have great potential to advance clinical care and accelerate trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma phospho-tau181 (p-tau181) is a promising blood biomarker however, it is unknown if levels increase in presymptomatic AD. Therefore, we investigated the timing of p-tau181 changes using 153 blood samples from 70 individuals in a longitudinal study of familial AD (FAD).

Glucose Profiles in Healthy Term Infants in the First 5 Days: The Glucose in Well Babies (GLOW) Study.

Objectives: To determine postnatal changes in plasma and interstitial glucose concentrations of healthy infants receiving current recommended care and to compare the incidence of low concentrations with recommended thresholds for treatment of at-risk infants.

Study Design: A prospective masked observational study in Hamilton, New Zealand. Healthy, term, appropriately grown singletons had continuous glucose monitoring and repeated heel-prick plasma glucose measurements (4 in the first 24 hours then twice daily using the glucose oxidase method) from birth to 120 hours.

Limitations to exercise tolerance in type 1 diabetes: the role of pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and priming exercise.

We compared the time constant () of the fundamental phase of pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o) kinetics between young adult men with type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects. We also assessed the impact of priming exercise on , critical power, and muscle deoxygenation in a subset of participants with type 1 diabetes. Seventeen men with type 1 diabetes and 17 healthy male control subjects performed moderate-intensity exercise to determine .

c-Jun, Foxo3a, and c-Myc Transcription Factors are Key Regulators of ATP-Mediated Angiogenic Responses in Pulmonary Artery Vasa Vasorum Endothelial Cells.

Angiogenic vasa vasorum (VV) expansion plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH), a cardiovascular disease. We previously showed that extracellular ATP released under hypoxic conditions is an autocrine/paracrine, the angiogenic factor for pulmonary artery (PA) VV endothelial cells (VVECs), acting via P2Y purinergic receptors (P2YR) and the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ATP-mediated VV angiogenesis, we determined the profile of ATP-inducible transcription factors (TFs) in VVECs using a TranSignal protein/DNA array.

Parents of babies who participated in an invasive clinical study report a positive experience: the Glucose in Well Babies (GLOW) study.

Objective: There is a paucity of data about normal blood metabolite concentrations in healthy babies, in part because of a reluctance to undertake non-therapeutic invasive testing in newborns. The Glucose in Well Babies study (GLOW) sought to describe blood glucose, lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in healthy term babies over the first 5 postnatal days. We also sought to understand both parents' experience of participation in this invasive non-therapeutic study.