Heterogeneity in Prescription Opioid Misuse Motives by Age in Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States.

Objective: Adolescent (12-17 years) and young adult (18-25 years) prescription opioid misuse (POM) is linked to poor health outcomes. We investigated how POM motives vary across these ages and the potential links between motives and other substance use, mental health, and sociodemographic characteristics to help guide screening and prevention.

Methods: Pooled 2015-2019 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were used, with 137,858 participants.

Unit Leadership and Climates for Evidence-Based Practice Implementation in Maternal-Infant Health Units: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.

Aims: To describe unit leadership and climates for evidence-based practice implementation and test for differences in unit leader and staff nurses' perceptions within maternal-infant units.

Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study.

Methods: A convenience sample of maternal-infant unit leaders and nurses (labour, postpartum, neonatal intensive care, paediatrics) from four Midwestern United States hospitals completed a survey including the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) and Implementation Climate Scale (ICS).

A national longitudinal study of sexual orientation discordance, sexual identity fluidity, and alcohol and other drug use disorder symptoms.

Many national studies fail to account for discordance between sexual orientation dimensions (e.g. a mismatch between sexual identity and sexual attraction) or sexual identity fluidity (e.

Sedentary behaviors and physical activity of the working population measured by accelerometry: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Too much sedentary behavior (SB) and too little physical activity (PA) place adult workers at risk for chronic illness. It remains unclear which occupations and subgroups within occupations have the highest and lowest SB and PA, and little is known about the effects of organizational factors on these behaviors and metrics. Thus, our main aims were to review and summarize evidence describing daily SB and PA collected using accelerometry across various occupations and to identify organizational factors influencing SB and PA.

Midwife-led obstetric triage to increase providers' knowledge and improve timeliness of care: A pre and posttest design.

Background: Research in low- and middle-income countries has shown that maternal mortality is directly related to inadequate or absent obstetric (OB) triage systems. Standard triage systems and knowledge on triaging for obstetric emergencies are often absent or lacking in most healthcare systems in Liberia.

Objective: The objective of this research was to address the third delay defined as receiving adequate, quality care when a facility is reached by increasing knowledge through the establishment of a midwife-led, hospital-based OB triage system to stratify care based on risk and imminence of birth and to improve timely assessment at two district referral hospitals.

Adolescents' Use of Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Subsequent Risk of Nonmedical Stimulant Use.

Purpose: This national prospective multicohort study examined the relationship between US adolescents' use of stimulant therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subsequent risk of nonmedical stimulant use (i.e., nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and cocaine use) during young adulthood, relative to nonstimulant therapy and population controls.

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Stimulant Therapy and Prescription Drug Misuse During Transition to Young Adulthood.

Objective: Limited prospective data exist about the impact of stimulant therapy for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during adolescence on the risk for later prescription drug misuse (PDM; i.e., of benzodiazepines, opioids, and stimulants).

Is Early Onset of Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use Associated With Cocaine Use During Adolescence? Results From a National Study.

Background: To examine the associations between early onset of nonmedical prescription stimulant use (NPSU) and cocaine use.

Methods: Nationally representative samples of high school seniors were surveyed annually. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires in nationally representative public and private schools in the United States (1976-2020) as part of the Monitoring the Future Study.

Associations of sexual identity change and identity-attraction discordance with symptomatic alcohol and other drug use.

Purpose: National studies examining alcohol and other drug use by sexual orientation have been primarily cross-sectional. Understanding changes in sexual orientation over time may further elucidate the mechanisms behind sexual orientation differences in alcohol and other drug use. This national longitudinal study examines changes in sexual orientation across four waves (2013-2019), and the associations with symptomatic alcohol and other drug use.

Symptom Clusters in Adults with Post-COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

More than 100 symptoms have been reported for post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and this study aimed to organize self-reported symptoms by identifying symptom clusters. We used a cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of 491 adults who reported experiencing prolonged symptoms of COVID. A list of 25 symptoms of post-COVID-19 was used to measure the symptoms, and exploratory factor analysis was undertaken to identify symptom clusters for people with symptoms lasting 5 to 8 weeks and 9 weeks or longer.

Adolescents' Nicotine/Tobacco Dependency Symptoms Using 4 Waves of PATH Data.

Objective: We aimed to characterize male and female adolescents' use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes and dual use, and seven symptoms of nicotine/tobacco dependence using four waves of national data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Methods: The analytic sample included 2902 adolescents 12-17 years who indicated past 30-day e-cigarette or cigarette use at least once between 2013-2018. Items from the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) were used to report dependence symptoms.

Transitions in Prescription Benzodiazepine Use and Misuse and in Substance Use Disorder Symptoms Through Age 50.

Objective: Prescription benzodiazepines are among the most commonly used and misused controlled medications. The authors aimed to examine transitions from medical use of prescription benzodiazepines to prescription benzodiazepine misuse, prescription opioid misuse, and substance use disorder symptoms during adulthood.

Methods: Eleven national cohorts of U.

Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the COPD-related Stigma Scale.

Background: Stigma experiences contribute to psychological distress and negatively affect healthcare-seeking behavior in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Most evidence comes from qualitative research, and no well-established measure of COPD-related stigma exists. Prior research yielded a preliminary measure of COPD-related stigma, but it required item reduction and validation.

Prescription Stimulant Medical and Nonmedical Use Among US Secondary School Students, 2005 to 2020.

Importance: Recent information on the prevalence of prescription stimulant therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NUPS) at the school-level among US secondary school students is limited.

Objective: To investigate the school-level prevalence of and association between stimulant therapy for ADHD and NUPS among US secondary school students.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used survey data collected between 2005 and 2020 as part of the Monitoring the Future study (data collected annually via self-administered survey in schools from independent cohorts).

Is age of onset and duration of stimulant therapy for ADHD associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse?

Background: To assess whether age of onset and duration of stimulant therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse during adolescence.

Methods: Nationally representative samples of US 10th and 12th grade students (N = 150,395) from the Monitoring the Future study were surveyed via self-administered questionnaires from 16 annual surveys (2005-2020).

Results: An estimated 8.

Substance Use and the Self-Management of Persistent Symptoms of COVID-19.

: Understanding the self-management practices of persistent symptoms of SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) is critical given the misinformation that has been presented about this disease in the U.S. The purpose of this descriptive study is to assess the self-management of persistent symptoms of COVID-19 with commonly used and misused substances (i.

Examining sexual identity stability and change over time and associations with tobacco use in a nationally representative US sample.

Background: Epidemiologic research has found sexual minority identifying individuals are disproportionately burdened by tobacco use and tobacco use disorder (TUD). However, these studies often conceptualize sexual identity as time-invariant. This study examined sexual identity over time and whether a transition to a sexual minority identity was associated with tobacco outcomes.

Gender Differences in Adolescents' Affective Symptoms and Behavioral Disorders After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are considered self-limiting and full recovery is expected. Recent studies identify deficits persisting years after mTBI. Large-scale prospective data permit testing the hypothesis that mTBI increases incidence of affective and behavioral symptoms after new, past , or new and past mTBI.

Comparison of Pre-Diagnosis Physical Activity and Its Correlates between Lung and Other Cancer Patients: Accelerometer Data from the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort.

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in health outcomes for people with cancer, and pre-diagnosis PA influences PA behaviors after cancer treatment. Less is known about the PA of lung cancer patients, and the strong history of smoking could influence pre-diagnosis levels of PA and place them at risk for health problems. This study aimed to compare pre-diagnosis PA and its correlates in patients with lung cancer and other types of cancer (female breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer) and examine the relationship between pre-diagnosis PA and all-cause mortality.

Perceptual differences in nursing implementation leadership and climate: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The literature on perceptual differences between managers and staff regarding social dynamic factors (e.g., leadership, climate) in nursing settings is sparse.

Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing in Increasing Use of Hearing Protection Devices Among Agricultural Producers.

Background: Agricultural producers are frequently exposed to noise that is hazardous to their hearing and cardiovascular health, and have among the highest rates of noise-induced hearing loss of all occupations. However, despite information-sharing approaches, few producers wear sufficient hearing protection. There is a need to develop effective methods of protecting producers from their noise exposure.