The Core of the Matter-Importance of Identification Method and Biological Replication for Benthic Marine Monitoring.

Benthic macrofauna are important and widely used biological indicators of marine ecosystems as they have limited mobility and therefore integrate the effects of local environmental stressors over time. Recently, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has provided a potentially more resource-efficient approach for benthic biomonitoring than traditional morphology-based methods. Several studies have compared eDNA with morphology-based monitoring, but few have compared the two approaches using the exact same sediment cores.

The relationship between neutral genetic diversity and performance in wild arthropod populations.

Larger effective populations (Ne) are characterized by higher genetic diversity, which is expected to predict population performance (average individual performance that influences fitness). Empirical studies of the relationship between neutral diversity and performance mostly represent species with small Ne, while there is limited data from the species-rich and ecologically important arthropods that are assumed to have large Ne but are threatened by massive declines. We performed a systematic literature search and used meta-analytical models to test the prediction of a positive association between neutral genetic diversity and performance in wild arthropods.

Recent advances in engineering microorganisms for the production of natural food colorants.

Food colorants are frequently added to processed foods since color is an important tool in the marketing of food products, influencing consumer perceptions, preferences, and purchasing behavior. While synthetic dyes currently dominate the food colorant market, consumer concern regarding their safety and sustainability is driving a demand for their replacement with naturally derived alternatives. However, natural colorants are costly compared to their synthetic counterparts as the pigment content in the native sources is usually very low and extraction can be challenging.

Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals temporal dynamics but functional stability of arthropod communities in cattle dung.

Terrestrial invertebrates are highly important for the decomposition of dung from large mammals. Mammal dung has been present in many of Earth's ecosystems for millions of years, enabling the evolution of a broad diversity of dung-associated invertebrates that process various components of the dung. Today, large herbivorous mammals are increasingly introduced to ecosystems with the aim of restoring the ecological functions formerly provided by their extinct counterparts.

A vision for global eDNA-based monitoring in a changing world.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has opened promising avenues for establishing standardized, cost-efficient monitoring of biodiversity. However, comprehensive and systematic implementation is urgently needed to address the current biodiversity crisis. Here, we envision a global eDNA biomonitoring scheme, which could potentially revolutionize the understanding and conservation of life on Earth.

Coupling High-Throughput and Targeted Screening for Identification of Nonobvious Metabolic Engineering Targets.

Identification of metabolic engineering targets is a fundamental challenge in strain development programs. While high-throughput (HTP) genetic engineering methodologies capable of generating vast diversity are being developed at a rapid rate, a majority of industrially interesting molecules cannot be screened at sufficient throughput to leverage these techniques. We propose a workflow that couples HTP screening of common precursors (e.

Beet red food colourant can be produced more sustainably with engineered Yarrowia lipolytica.

Synthetic food colourants are widely used in the food industry, but consumer concerns about safety and sustainability are driving a need for natural food-colour alternatives. Betanin, which is extracted from red beetroots, is a commonly used natural red food colour. However, the betanin content of beetroot is very low (~0.

Combinatorial engineering of betalain biosynthesis pathway in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Background: Betalains, comprising red-violet betacyanins and yellow-orange betaxanthins, are the hydrophilic vacuolar pigments that provide bright coloration to roots, fruits, and flowers of plants of the Caryophyllales order. Betanin extracted from red beets is permitted quantum satis as a natural red food colorant (E162). Due to antioxidant activity, betanin has potential health benefits.

Formation of the Holarctic Fauna: Dated molecular phylogenetic and biogeographic insights from the Quedius-lineage of Ground-Dwelling Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae).

Although the Holarctic fauna has been explored for centuries, many questions on its formation are still unanswered. For example, i) what was the impact of the uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau?, ii) what were the timings and climate of the faunal bridges connecting the Nearctic and Palearctic regions?, and iii) how did insect lineages respond to the late Paleogene global cooling and regional aridification? To answer these, we developed a phylogenetic dataset of 1229 nuclear loci for a total of 222 species of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) with emphasis in the tribe Quediini, especially Quedius-lineage and its subclade Quedius sensu stricto. Using eight fossils for calibrating molecular clock, we estimated divergence times and then analysed in BioGeoBEARS paleodistributions of the most recent common ancestor for each target lineage.

Contrasting seasonal patterns in diet and dung-associated invertebrates of feral cattle and horses in a rewilding area.

Trophic rewilding is increasingly applied in restoration efforts, with the aim of reintroducing the ecological functions provided by large-bodied mammals and thereby promote self-regulating, biodiverse ecosystems. However, empirical evidence for the effects of megafauna introductions on the abundance and richness of other organisms such as plants and invertebrates, and the mechanisms involved still need strengthening. In this study, we use environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of dung from co-existing feral cattle and horses to assess the seasonal variation in plant diet and dung-associated arthropods and nematodes.

Correction: Astvad et al. Increasing Terbinafine Resistance in Danish Isolates 2019-2020. 2022, , 150.

In paragraph four of the discussion in the original article [...

Increasing Terbinafine Resistance in Danish Isolates 2019-2020.

Terbinafine resistance in species has emerged and appears to be increasing. A new EUCAST susceptibility testing method and tentative ECOFFs were recently proposed for . Terbinafine resistance and target gene mutations were detected in 16 Danish isolates in 2013-2018.

A case of NDM-1-positive Kottbus, Denmark, November 2020.

We present a case of carbapenemase-producing NDM-1-positive Kottbus in an 82-year-old Danish man. The NDM-1 was also identified in and in the same patient on the same 43 kb IncN2 plasmid, suggesting in vivo inter-species plasmid transfer. A NCBI BLAST analysis of the plasmid (pAMA003584_NDM-1) identified 12 highly similar plasmids, all originating from east and south-east Asia.

Individual haplotyping of whale sharks from seawater environmental DNA.

Population genetic data can provide valuable information on the demography of a species. For rare and elusive marine megafauna, samples for generating the data are traditionally obtained from tissue biopsies, which can be logistically difficult and expensive to collect and require invasive sampling techniques. Analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) offers an alternative, minimally invasive approach to provide important genetic information.

Environmental DNA metabarcoding of cow dung reveals taxonomic and functional diversity of invertebrate assemblages.

Insects and other terrestrial invertebrates are declining in species richness and abundance. This includes the invertebrates associated with herbivore dung, which have been negatively affected by grazing abandonment and the progressive loss of large herbivores since the Late Pleistocene. Importantly, traditional monitoring of these invertebrates is time-consuming and requires considerable taxonomic expertise, which is becoming increasingly scarce.

Genome-scale target capture of mitochondrial and nuclear environmental DNA from water samples.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) provides a promising supplement to traditional sampling methods for population genetic inferences, but current studies have almost entirely focused on short mitochondrial markers. Here, we develop one mitochondrial and one nuclear set of target capture probes for the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) and test them on seawater samples collected in Qatar to investigate the potential of target capture for eDNA-based population studies. The mitochondrial target capture successfully retrieved ~235× (90× - 352× per base position) coverage of the whale shark mitogenome.

Surveillance of OXA-244-producing and epidemiologic investigation of cases, Denmark, January 2016 to August 2019.

BackgroundCarbapenemase-producing are increasing worldwide. In recent years, an increase in OXA-244-producing isolates has been seen in the national surveillance of carbapenemase-producing organisms in Denmark.AimMolecular characterisation and epidemiological investigation of OXA-244-producing isolates from January 2016 to August 2019.

Population-level inferences from environmental DNA-Current status and future perspectives.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from water samples has recently shown potential as a valuable source of population genetic information for aquatic macroorganisms. This approach offers several potential advantages compared with conventional tissue-based methods, including the fact that eDNA sampling is noninvasive and generally more cost-efficient. Currently, eDNA approaches have been limited to single-marker studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and the relationship between eDNA haplotype composition and true haplotype composition still needs to be thoroughly verified.

Using vertebrate environmental DNA from seawater in biomonitoring of marine habitats.

Conservation and management of marine biodiversity depends on biomonitoring of marine habitats, but current approaches are resource-intensive and require different approaches for different organisms. Environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from water samples is an efficient and versatile approach to detecting aquatic animals. In the ocean, eDNA composition reflects local fauna at fine spatial scales, but little is known about the effectiveness of eDNA-based monitoring of marine communities at larger scales.

Consequences of marine barriers for genetic diversity of the coral-specialist yellowbar angelfish from the Northwestern Indian Ocean.

Ocean circulation, geological history, geographic distance, and seascape heterogeneity play an important role in phylogeography of coral-dependent fishes. Here, we investigate potential genetic population structure within the yellowbar angelfish () across the Northwestern Indian Ocean (NIO). We then discuss our results with respect to the above abiotic features in order to understand the contemporary distribution of genetic diversity of the species.

Pancrustacean Evolution Illuminated by Taxon-Rich Genomic-Scale Data Sets with an Expanded Remipede Sampling.

The relationships of crustaceans and hexapods (Pancrustacea) have been much discussed and partially elucidated following the emergence of phylogenomic data sets. However, major uncertainties still remain regarding the position of iconic taxa such as Branchiopoda, Copepoda, Remipedia, and Cephalocarida, and the sister group relationship of hexapods. We assembled the most taxon-rich phylogenomic pancrustacean data set to date and analyzed it using a variety of methodological approaches.

Environmental DNA for improved detection and environmental surveillance of schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis is a water-based, infectious disease with high morbidity and significant economic burdens affecting >250 million people globally. Disease control has, with notable success, for decades focused on drug treatment of infected human populations, but a recent paradigm shift now entails moving from control to elimination. To achieve this ambitious goal, more sensitive diagnostic tools are needed to monitor progress toward transmission interruption in the environment, especially in low-intensity infection areas.

Environmental DNA metabarcoding of wild flowers reveals diverse communities of terrestrial arthropods.

Terrestrial arthropods comprise the most species-rich communities on Earth, and grassland flowers provide resources for hundreds of thousands of arthropod species. Diverse grassland ecosystems worldwide are threatened by various types of environmental change, which has led to decline in arthropod diversity. At the same time, monitoring grassland arthropod diversity is time-consuming and strictly dependent on declining taxonomic expertise.