Ordinal state-trait regression for intensive longitudinal data.

In many psychological studies, in particular those conducted by experience sampling, mental states are measured repeatedly for each participant. Such a design allows for regression models that separate between- from within-person, or trait-like from state-like, components of association between two variables. But these models are typically designed for continuous variables, whereas mental state variables are most often measured on an ordinal scale.

[Cross-sectoral patient care in the district of Hamburg Harburg: an example of urological cooperation].

Background: Ensuring future urological care at the interface between out- and inpatient care is challenging due to demographic developments with an increasing proportion of urological diseases, the simultaneous threat of a shortage of physicians, and the increasing outpatient treatment of complex urological diseases.

Objectives: The cross-sectoral cooperation model between a university maximum care provider and the urologic joint practice with a hospital affiliation (BAG) presented below can serve as an ideal model for outpatient-inpatient care.

Materials And Methods: Since 2016, there has been close cooperation between the BAG in Winsen/Buchholz and the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE).

Generalized reliability based on distances.

The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is a classical index of measurement reliability. With the advent of new and complex types of data for which the ICC is not defined, there is a need for new ways to assess reliability. To meet this need, we propose a new distance-based ICC (dbICC), defined in terms of arbitrary distances among observations.

Everyday Thoughts in Time: Experience Sampling Studies of Mental Time Travel.

Time is among the most important yet mysterious aspects of experience. We investigated everyday mental time travel, especially into the future. Two community samples, contacted at random points for 3 (Study 1; 6,686 reports) and 14 days (Study 2; 2,361 reports), reported on their most recent thought.

Negative Self-Perception and Self-Attitude of Sexuality Is a Risk Factor for Patient Dissatisfaction Following Penile Surgery with Small Intestinal Submucosa Grafting for the Treatment of Severe Peyronie's Disease.

Objective: To assess patient satisfaction with surgical outcome, body related self-perceptions, self-attitudes of sexuality, and health related quality of life after penile surgery with small intestinal submucosa (SIS) grafting for the treatment of severe Peyronie's disease (PD).

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 82 patients, who were treated with SIS grafting for severe PD between 2009 and 2013 at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Patients were asked to complete standardized questionnaires including the International Index of Erectile Function Erectile Function domain (IIEF-EF), Short-Form (SF)-8 Health Survey, and Frankfurt Body Concept Scale-Sexuality (FKKS-SEX).

A Time-Varying Measure of Dyadic Synchrony for Three-Dimensional Motion.

We propose a novel approach to the analysis of synchronized three-dimensional motion in dyads. Motion recorded at high time resolution, as with a gaming device, is preprocessed in each of the three spatial dimensions by spline smoothing. Synchrony is then defined, at each time point, as the cosine between the two individuals' estimated velocity vectors.

Cross-sectional versus longitudinal designs for function estimation, with an application to cerebral cortex development.

Motivated by studies of the development of the human cerebral cortex, we consider the estimation of a mean growth trajectory and the relative merits of cross-sectional and longitudinal data for that task. We define a class of relative efficiencies that compare function estimates in terms of aggregate variance of a parametric function estimate. These generalize the classical design effect for estimating a scalar with cross-sectional versus longitudinal data, and are shown to be bounded above by it in certain cases.

Interpretable High-Dimensional Inference Via Score Projection with an Application in Neuroimaging.

In the fields of neuroimaging and genetics, a key goal is testing the association of a single outcome with a very high-dimensional imaging or genetic variable. Often, summary measures of the high-dimensional variable are created to sequentially test and localize the association with the outcome. In some cases, the associations between the outcome and summary measures are significant, but subsequent tests used to localize differences are underpowered and do not identify regions associated with the outcome.

Penalized nonparametric scalar-on-function regression via principal coordinates.

A number of classical approaches to nonparametric regression have recently been extended to the case of functional predictors. This paper introduces a new method of this type, which extends intermediate-rank penalized smoothing to scalar-on-function regression. In the proposed method, which we call , one regresses the response on leading principal coordinates defined by a relevant distance among the functional predictors, while applying a ridge penalty.

Substitution Urethroplasty with Closure Versus Nonclosure of the Buccal Mucosa Graft Harvest Site: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Detailed Analysis of Oral Pain and Morbidity.

Background: Optimal surgical management of the buccal mucosa harvest site in patients with urethral stricture disease during buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty (BMGU) remains controversial.

Objective: To analyze in detail intensity and quality of pain as well as oral morbidity following closure (C) versus nonclosure (NC) of the donor site.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized controlled trial on 135 patients treated with BMGU between October 15, 2014 and December 18, 2015.

The T-plasty as therapy for recurrent bladder neck stenosis: success rate, functional outcome, and patient satisfaction.

Purpose: To determine success rate (SR), functional outcome, and patient satisfaction of a modified YV-plasty for reconstruction of the bladder neck in case of recurrent bladder neck stenosis (BNS) after transurethral surgery of the prostate: the T-plasty.

Patients And Methods: We identified all patients who underwent T-plasty at our center between December 2008 and July 2016. Patients' charts were reviewed.

Methods for scalar-on-function regression.

Recent years have seen an explosion of activity in the field of functional data analysis (FDA), in which curves, spectra, images, etc. are considered as basic data units. A central problem in FDA is how to fit regression models with scalar responses and functional data points as predictors.

Management of Anterior Urethral Strictures in Adults: A Survey of Contemporary Practice in Germany.

Introduction: Treatment methods of anterior urethral strictures in adults have undergone considerable changes in the recent past. Our goal was to determine national practice patterns among German urologists and to compare results with the results of prior international surveys.

Methods: We conducted a survey on the management of urethral strictures among German urologists.

Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy for Short Anterior Urethral Strictures and Beyond: Success Rates, Predictors of Treatment Failure, and Recurrence Management.

Objective: To determine success rates, predictors of recurrence, and recurrence management of patients treated for short anterior urethral strictures by direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU).

Materials And Methods: We identified 128 patients who underwent DVIU of the anterior urethra between December 2009 and March 2016. Follow-up was conducted by telephone interviews.

Form follows function: Morphological and immunohistological insights into epithelial-mesenchymal transition characteristics of tumor buds.

In cancer biology, the architectural concept "form follows function" is reflected by cell morphology, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition protein pattern. In vivo, features of epithelial-mesenchymal transition have been associated with tumor budding, which correlates significantly with patient outcome. Hereby, the majority of tumor buds are not truly detached but still connected to a major tumor mass.

Pointwise influence matrices for functional-response regression.

We extend the notion of an influence or hat matrix to regression with functional responses and scalar predictors. For responses depending linearly on a set of predictors, our definition is shown to reduce to the conventional influence matrix for linear models. The pointwise degrees of freedom, the trace of the pointwise influence matrix, are shown to have an adaptivity property that motivates a two-step bivariate smoother for modeling nonlinear dependence on a single predictor.

Can school counselors deliver cognitive-behavioral treatment for social anxiety effectively? A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) typically onsets in adolescence and is associated with multiple impairments. Despite promising clinical interventions, most socially anxious adolescents remain untreated. To address this clinical neglect, we developed a school-based, 12-week group intervention for youth with SAD, Skills for Academic and Social Success (SASS).

Two-way principal component analysis for matrix-variate data, with an application to functional magnetic resonance imaging data.

Many modern neuroimaging studies acquire large spatial images of the brain observed sequentially over time. Such data are often stored in the forms of matrices. To model these matrix-variate data we introduce a class of separable processes using explicit latent process modeling.

WAVELET-DOMAIN REGRESSION AND PREDICTIVE INFERENCE IN PSYCHIATRIC NEUROIMAGING.

An increasingly important goal of psychiatry is the use of brain imaging data to develop predictive models. Here we present two contributions to statistical methodology for this purpose. First, we propose and compare a set of wavelet-domain procedures for fitting generalized linear models with scalar responses and image predictors: sparse variants of principal component regression and of partial least squares, and the elastic net.

Mode of Anisotropy Reveals Global Diffusion Alterations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can identify structural connectivity alterations in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most ADHD DTI studies have concentrated on regional differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) despite its limited sensitivity to complex white matter architecture and increasing evidence of global brain differences in ADHD. Here, we examine multiple DTI metrics in separate samples of children and adults with and without ADHD with a principal focus on global between-group differences.

The ARTUS device: the first feasibility study in human cadavers.

Introduction: The aim was to perform a feasibility study of the new artificial sphincter device ARTUS in human cadavers. ARTUS is a new electro-mechanical device, which may prevent urethral damage due to a new working principle which is to perform only sequential pressure on successive parts of the urethra.

Material And Methods: The implantation of the ARTUS device was performed in six cadavers (3 males, 3 females) with different body mass indices.

Short-term test-retest reliability of resting state fMRI metrics in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

To date, only one study has examined test-retest reliability of resting state fMRI (R-fMRI) in children, none in clinical developing groups. Here, we assessed short-term test-retest reliability in a sample of 46 children (11-17.9 years) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 57 typically developing children (TDC).

Optimally weighted L(2) distance for functional data.

Many techniques of functional data analysis require choosing a measure of distance between functions, with the most common choice being L2 distance. In this article we show that using a weighted L2 distance, with a judiciously chosen weight function, can improve the performance of various statistical methods for functional data, including k-medoids clustering, nonparametric classification, and permutation testing. Assuming a quadratically penalized (e.