Immune Checkpoint Molecule TIGIT Regulates Kidney T Cell Functions and Contributes to AKI.

Significance Statement: T cells mediate pathogenic and reparative processes during AKI, but the exact mechanisms regulating kidney T cell functions are unclear. This study identified upregulation of the novel immune checkpoint molecule, TIGIT, on mouse and human kidney T cells after AKI. TIGIT-expressing kidney T cells produced proinflammatory cytokines and had effector (EM) and central memory (CM) phenotypes.

Predictive model for systemic recurrence following cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical nephroureterectomy for high risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is increasingly used prior to radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Systemic recurrence (SR) carries a dismal prognosis. We sought to determine risk factors associated with SR in this setting.

Improved identification of patients with oligometastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma with PSMA-targeted F-DCFPyL PET/CT.

Objective: Complete surgical resection of metastatic sites has been shown to prolong survival in select patients with oligometastatic RCC. This treatment strategy is dependent upon the accurate characterization of a patient's extent of disease. The objective of this study was to explore the utility of PSMA-targeted F-DCFPyL PET/CT in patients with presumed oligometastatic clear cell RCC.

Inconsistent Detection of Sites of Metastatic Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with PSMA-Targeted [F]DCFPyL PET/CT.

Purpose: To investigate the utility of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted [F]DCFPyL positron emission tomography (PET)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging for the detection of sites of disease in patients with metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Procedures: Eight patients with metastatic non-clear cell RCC underwent imaging with PSMA-targeted [F]DCFPyL PET/CT. Imaged RCC histologic subtypes included papillary RCC (n = 3), chromophobe RCC (n = 2), unclassified RCC (n = 2), and Xp11 translocation RCC (n = 1).

Clinical and Radiographic Predictors of Great Vessel Resection or Reconstruction During Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Testicular Cancer.

Objective: To evaluate whether specific clinical or radiographic factors predict inferior vena cava (IVC) or abdominal aortic (AA) resection or reconstruction (RoR) at the time of postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for germ cell tumors of the testicle.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred seventy-seven patients undergoing postchemotherapy RPLND at two institutions between 2005 and 2015 were identified. Preoperative imaging was reviewed with radiologists blinded to operative details.

Margin Assessment in Renal Surgery Using a Handheld Optical Coherence Tomography Probe.

Objective: To assess the use of a handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe for the evaluation of intraoperative surgical margins during partial nephrectomy (PN).

Methods: In an initial feasibility study, a radical nephrectomy specimen with a 9-cm tumor was cut into 19 sections, exposing 0 mm (n = 8), 1 mm (n = 6), and 2 mm (n = 5) gross margins. OCT was used to determine the margin width in each specimen.

Renal Mass and Localized Renal Cancer: AUA Guideline.

Purpose: This AUA Guideline focuses on evaluation/counseling and management of adult patients with clinically localized renal masses suspicious for cancer, including solid-enhancing tumors and Bosniak 3/4 complex-cystic lesions.

Materials And Methods: Systematic review utilized research from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and additional supplementation by the authors and consultant methodologists. Evidence-based statements were based on body of evidence strength Grade A/B/C (Strong/Moderate/Conditional Recommendations, respectively) with additional statements presented as Clinical Principles or Expert Opinions.

Comparison of biochemical recurrence-free survival between periprostatic and pelvic lymph node metastases of prostate cancer.

Objective: To assess the pathologic characteristics and prognostic significance of periprostatic lymph node (LN) metastasis of prostate cancer. The latter was performed by comparing biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival in cases of periprostatic LN metastasis versus matched patients showing pelvic LN metastasis.

Methods And Materials: We identified 15 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in our institution (1984-2011) showing positive periprostatic and negative pelvic LN with available follow-up information (group 1).

A comparative cost analysis of robot-assisted versus traditional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Background And Purpose: Robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) is supplanting traditional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) as the technique of choice for minimally invasive nephron-sparing surgery. This evolution has resulted from potential clinical benefits, as well as proliferation of robotic systems and patient demand for robot-assisted surgery. We sought to quantify the costs associated with the use of robotics for minimally invasive partial nephrectomy.

Laparoscopic resection of local recurrence after previous radical nephrectomy for clinically localized renal-cell carcinoma: perioperative outcomes and initial observations.

Background And Purpose: Local recurrence is rare after radical nephrectomy for clinically localized renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). Aggressive open surgical resection of isolated local recurrence has been shown to offer durable local control and potential improvement in cancer-specific survival. The objective of this study is to assess early outcomes on a select group of patients who underwent laparoscopic resection of isolated local recurrence after radical nephrectomy for clinically localized RCC.