Point prevalence surveys of antibiotic prescribing in children at a tertiary hospital in a resource constraint, low-income sub-Saharan African country-the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program.

Background: Resistance to multiple antibiotics by several pathogens has been widely described in children and has become a global health emergency. This is due to increased use by parents, caregivers, and healthcare providers. This study aims to describe the prevalence rates of antibiotic prescribing, ascertain the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs, and target improving the quality of antibiotic prescribing in the paediatric population over time in a hospital.

Serum Vitamin D Deficiency and Male Infertility: A Relationship?

Background Male infertility is one of the major reproductive health concerns, causing a lot of distress for couples globally. Others have looked into its connection to vitamin D deficiency, but their findings are conflicting. Aim This study aimed to determine the relationship between male infertility and vitamin D deficiency among Nigerians.

'Prospective audit with intervention and feedback' as a core antimicrobial stewardship strategy in the paediatrics department of a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Introduction: Inappropriate use of antibiotics for childhood illnesses, especially for non-bacterial infections, contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) in all healthcare institutions is a strategic intervention to improve the appropriate use of antibiotics, reduce antimicrobial consumption and tackle AMR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prospective audit with intervention and feedback as an antimicrobial stewardship strategy on antimicrobial use, evaluate prescribers' response to recommendations and determine the rate of AMR in the Paediatrics Department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Antimicrobial susceptibility and neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care facility in Nigeria: a changing trend?

Background: Neonatal sepsis remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates, especially in developing countries.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, common bacterial pathogens, and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of neonatal sepsis at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of neonates who presented at the facility with symptoms and signs of sepsis from January 2017 to October 2017.

Antimicrobial stewardship programmes in healthcare facilities in Lagos State, Nigeria: a needs assessment.

Objectives: Optimising antibiotic use in healthcare settings through antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) is critical to effectively treat infections, protect patients from harms caused by unnecessary antibiotic use, and combat antimicrobial resistance. This needs assessment was designed to provide the current status of ASPs in healthcare facilities in Lagos State and identify gaps for future interventions.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to ascertain the extent and nature of ongoing ASPs among selected healthcare facilities and identify gaps for future interventional studies.

Feasibility study of prospective audit, intervention and feedback as an antimicrobial stewardship strategy at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance, a global problem, is mostly a consequence of misuse or overuse of antimicrobials. This study sought to audit the compliance to hospital antimicrobial policy and determine the ability of medical students to carry out audits.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study to determine compliance with departmental policies in the preceding 2 months in the Children's Emergency Room (ChER) using a checklist.

A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals.

Background: Ebola virus (EBOV) caused more than 11,000 deaths during the 2013-2016 epidemic in West Africa without approved vaccines or immunotherapeutics. Despite its high lethality in some individuals, EBOV infection can produce little to no symptoms in others. A better understanding of the immune responses in individuals who experienced minimally symptomatic and asymptomatic infection could aid the development of more effective vaccines and antivirals against EBOV and related filoviruses.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the anal wall in a Nigerian.

Documented reports of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are relatively few in the sub-Saharan continent. The body of evidence points towards anal wall involvement being a rarity indeed. In this article we document a 61 year old Nigerian man who presented with bleeding per rectum and in whom the histological features (including immunohistochemistry) of the biopsied anal lesion was GIST.

Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non-typhoidal Salmonella infection.

Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) commonly causes diarrhoea, and is usually self-limiting, although sometimes people become ill with sepsis and dehydration. Routine antibiotic use for this infection could result in persistent colonization and the spread of resistant bacterial strains.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of giving antibiotics to people with NTS diarrhoea.